Drawing the line between commensal and pathogenic Gardnerella vaginalis through genome analysis and virulence studies
Drawing the line between commensal and pathogenic Gardnerella vaginalis through genome analysis and virulence studies
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2164-11-375
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发表时间：
2010-06-11
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Jefferson, Kimberly K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harwich, Michael D., Jr.;Alves, Joao M.;Jefferson, Kimberly K.
背景：细菌性阴道病（BV）是世界范围内最常见的阴道疾病。它与早产和艾滋病毒感染的风险有关。这种疾病的病因已经争论了将近半个世纪，缺乏对其病因和进展的了解阻碍了改善治疗和预防的努力。加德纳菌最初被确定为致病因子，但随后的研究结果表明，它通常是从看似健康的妇女中分离出来的，这一说法受到了质疑。最近的研究揭示了G.结果：在本研究中，我们对一株G.一个来自健康女性，一个来自患有细菌性阴道病的女性。基因组的比较分析显示出显着的分歧，在体外研究表明两种菌株的毒力潜力的差异。该分离株表现出降低的细胞毒性，但由两种菌株编码的溶细胞素蛋白几乎相同，在一个单一的氨基酸不同，并在相似的水平转录。BV相关菌株编码生物膜相关蛋白基因的不同变体，并表现出更大的粘附、聚集和生物膜形成。使用不同孔径的过滤器，我们发现，细菌和上皮细胞之间的直接接触是所需的cytotoxic.Conclusions：结果表明，接触是所需的细胞毒性，并建议减少细胞毒性在大肠杆菌分离可能是由于受损的粘附。这项研究概述了两个不同的基因型变异的G。迷走神经炎，一个明显的寄生虫和一个致病性，并提出了不同的毒力潜力的证据。
Background: Worldwide, bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal disorder. It is associated with risk for preterm birth and HIV infection. The etiology of the condition has been debated for nearly half a century and the lack of knowledge about its cause and progression has stymied efforts to improve therapy and prevention. Gardnerella vaginalis was originally identified as the causative agent, but subsequent findings that it is commonly isolated from seemingly healthy women cast doubt on this claim. Recent studies shedding light on the virulence properties of G. vaginalis, however, have drawn the species back into the spotlight.Results: In this study, we sequenced the genomes of a strain of G. vaginalis from a healthy woman, and one from a woman with bacterial vaginosis. Comparative analysis of the genomes revealed significant divergence and in vitro studies indicated disparities in the virulence potential of the two strains. The commensal isolate exhibited reduced cytotoxicity and yet the cytolysin proteins encoded by the two strains were nearly identical, differing at a single amino acid, and were transcribed at similar levels. The BV-associated strain encoded a different variant of a biofilm associated protein gene and demonstrated greater adherence, aggregation, and biofilm formation. Using filters with different pore sizes, we found that direct contact between the bacteria and epithelial cells is required for cytotoxicity.Conclusions: The results indicated that contact is required for cytotoxicity and suggested that reduced cytotoxicity in the commensal isolate could be due to impaired adherence. This study outlines two distinct genotypic variants of G. vaginalis, one apparently commensal and one pathogenic, and presents evidence for disparate virulence potentials.