Helping them stay where they are: status effects on dependency/autonomy-oriented helping.
Helping them stay where they are: status effects on dependency/autonomy-oriented helping.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0034152
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
A. Nadler;Lily Chernyak-Hai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Nadler;Lily Chernyak-Hai
根据期望状态理论和韦纳的归因模型（Weiner，1980），我们预测，低地位的求助者将被视为长期依赖，他们的需要是由于缺乏能力，导致给予依赖导向的帮助（即，问题的全面解决）。高地位的寻求帮助者被认为是有能力的，他们的请求代表了他们克服暂时困难的高度动机，导致了以能力为导向的帮助（即，解决问题的工具）。寻求帮助被认为是一种与污名一致的行为，当寻求帮助的人是地位低的人时，这意味着软弱，而当他们是地位高的人时，这意味着力量。三个实验支持了这些预测。第四个实验表明，地位低的人谁寻求帮助为导向的帮助不被视为长期依赖。这些研究结果的帮助和不平等的影响进行了讨论。
On the basis of expectation states theory and Weiner's attributional model of help giving (Weiner, 1980), we predicted that low-status help seekers would be viewed as chronically dependent and their need as due to lack of ability, leading to the giving of dependency-oriented help (i.e., full solution to the problem). High-status help seekers were expected to be viewed as competent and their request as representing their high motivation to overcome a transient difficulty, resulting in autonomy-oriented help (i.e., tools to solve the problem). Help seeking is viewed as a stigma-consistent behavior that implies weakness when help seekers are low-status individuals and as strength when they are high-status individuals. Three experiments supported these predictions. The 4th experiment indicated that low-status persons who seek autonomy-oriented help are not seen as chronically dependent. Implications of these findings for helping and inequality are discussed.