Benthic community structures in the North Sea
Benthic community structures in the North Sea
复制标题
北海的底栖群落结构
DOI：
10.1007/bf02368359
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Craeymeersch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Heip;J. Craeymeersch
自世纪初以来，人们就认识到海洋底栖物种的连贯组合，Petersen（1914年，1918年）的经典论文是基于对北海有限区域的研究。1986年，来自7个北海国家的10个实验室对北纬57°以北的北海进行了天气调查。这项调查的结果最近已经发表（Heip et al.，1992 a，B; Künitzer等人，1992; Huys等人，1992年），并在本文中总结了一些结果。对大型底栖动物的分析是以略多于700个分类群为基础的。一般而言，北海大型底栖动物包括向南延伸至多格滩北方边缘的北方物种和向北延伸至100米深度线的南方物种。北海中部是南部和北方物种重叠的区域，特别是在70米深度等值线附近。确认了一致的物种分类，归纳为七个动物群。大型底栖动物的体重、密度和多样性向北呈线性增加。整个地区的大型底栖动物生物量平均为7克干重。m-2，由南向北递减。小型底栖生物内部的分布模式和趋势差异很大。线虫是总体上的优势类群，在南部海湾的桑迪沉积物中数量最少，然后在53° 30′ N附近增加到最大值，然后向北缓慢下降。桡足类的密度和多样性是最高的南部湾，由于存在许多间质物种。北海底栖生物调查记录了大量新的科学物种，预计将出现约1500个物种。桡足类根据水深和沉积物类型表现出非常不同的组合。大型和小型底栖动物的体重和物种数量在纬度梯度上的对比模式只能部分解释。纬度和沉积物的特性，例如颗粒大小和植物色素的含量以及水深，决定了海底动物物种组成、密度和生物量的部分差异，但观察到的模式因不同的海底动物群体而异，因此在生物监测程序中使用时需要加以认真考虑。分布与北海的海流模式、年度温度变化和食物供应有关。然而，许多参数的大部分差异仍然无法解释。
Coherent assemblages of marine benthic species have been recognized from the early twentieth century, and the classical papers of Petersen (1914, 1918) were based on studies of limited areas in the North Sea. In 1986, a synoptic survey of the North Sea north to 57°N was undertaken by a group of ten laboratories from seven North Sea countries. The results of this survey have recently been published (Heip et al., 1992a, b; Künitzer et al., 1992; Huys et al., 1992), and some of the results are summarized in this paper. The analysis of the macrofauna is based on slightly more than 700 taxa. In general, the North Sea macrofauna consists of northern species extending south to the northern margins of the Dogger Bank, and southern species extending north to the 100 m depth line. The central North Sea is an area of overlap of southern and northern species, especially around the 70 m depth contour. Consistent groupings of species are recognized that were summarized in seven faunal groupings. Macrofaunal body weight, density and diversity increase linearly towards the north. Macrofaunal biomass for the whole area averages 7 g adwt. m−2 and decreases from south to north. Distribution patterns and trends within the meiofauna were very different. Nematodes, which are the dominant taxon overall, are least abundant in the sandy sediments of the Southern Bight, then increase to a maximum around 53° 30′ N and slowly decrease again towards the north. Copepod density and diversity are highest in the Southern Bight, due to the presence of many interstitial species. A large number of species new to science were recorded by the North Sea Benthos Survey and about 1500 species are expected to occur. Copepods show very distinct assemblages according to water depth and sediment type. The contrasting patterns in latitudinal gradients of body weight and number of species of macro- and meiofauna can be only partially explained. Latitude and sediment characteristics, such as grain size and content in plant pigments, and water depth, determine part of the variance in species composition, density and biomass of the benthic fauna, but the patterns that are observed are different for different benthic groups, requiring careful consideration as to their use in biological monitoring procedures. Distributions are related to current patterns in the North Sea, annual temperature variations and availability of food. However, large parts of the variance in many parameters remain unexplained.