Health effects and risk assessment of arsenic
Health effects and risk assessment of arsenic
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/133.5.1536s
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发表时间：
2003-05-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Calderon, RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abernathy, CO;Thomas, DJ;Calderon, RL
人类可通过吸入空气、食物和水而接触到砷。虽然食物通常是人们接触砷的主要来源，但大多数不良影响是在饮用水接触砷之后出现的。造成这种情况的两个主要原因是，大多数食物中的砷是有机的，毒性很小或没有毒性，而且在许多情况下，从饮用水源接触砷是毒性更大的无机形式，剂量相对较高，例如每天数百微克。在世界各地，饮用水中的砷与胃肠炎、神经系统症状、血管变化、糖尿病和癌症（膀胱癌、肺癌、肝癌、肾癌和前列腺癌）等影响有关。在审查了砷数据库后，美国环境保护署公布了饮用水中砷的最大污染物水平为10马克杯/升。
Humans can be exposed to arsenic (As) through the intake of air, food and water. Although food is usually the major source of As exposure for people, most adverse effects are seen after As exposure from drinking water. The two main reasons for this situation are that most food arsenicals are organic and have little or no toxicity, and in many cases, As exposures from drinking water sources are to the more toxic inorganic form and occur at relatively high doses, e.g., hundreds of micrograms per day. In various parts of the world, As in drinking water is associated with such effects as gastroenteritis, neurological manifestations, vascular changes, diabetes and cancers (bladder, lung, liver, kidney and prostate). After reviewing the As database, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency promulgated a maximum contaminant level for As in drinking water of 10 mug/L.