Cultural Differences as Excuses? Human Rights and Cultural Values in Global Ethics and Governance of AI
Cultural Differences as Excuses? Human Rights and Cultural Values in Global Ethics and Governance of AI
复制标题
文化差异是借口？
作者：
Pak
从全球范围来看，文化差异对人工智能（AI）的伦理和治理构成了严峻挑战。文化差异可能使恶意行为者无视重要道德价值观的要求，甚至通过尊重当地文化来证明违反这些价值观的行为是合理的，要么肯定当地文化缺乏特定的道德价值观，例如，隐私，或声称当地文化支持相互冲突的价值观，例如，国家干预是好事。应对这一挑战的一种方法是对人工智能治理采取人权方法，其目的是成为一个普遍和全球可执行的框架。然而，这一方法的支持者迄今为止忽视了来自文化差异的挑战，或者在他们的作品中遗漏了文化多样性的影响。这是令人惊讶的，因为人权理论家早就认识到文化多元主义对人权的重要性。因此，由于文化差异，这种方法可能无法直接适用于“非西方”背景，而且由于这种方法没有考虑到文化的（非）作用，它也可能被批评为理论上不完整。这篇评论探讨了人工智能治理的人权方法，重点是文化价值观和文化的作用。特别是，我表明，文化价值观的考虑是必不可少的人权方法的哲学和工具的原因。
Cultural differences pose a serious challenge to the ethics and governance of artificial intelligence (AI) from a global perspective. Cultural differences may enable malignant actors to disregard the demand of important ethical values or even to justify the violation of them through deference to the local culture, either by affirming the local culture lacks specific ethical values, e.g., privacy, or by asserting the local culture upholds conflicting values, e.g., state intervention is good. One response to this challenge is the human rights approach to AI governance, which is intended to be a universal and globally enforceable framework. The proponents of the approach, however, have so far neglected the challenge from cultural differences or left out the implications of cultural diversity in their works. This is surprising because human rights theorists have long recognized the significance of cultural pluralism for human rights. Accordingly, the approach may not be straightforwardly applicable in “non-Western” contexts because of cultural differences, and it may also be critiqued as philosophically incomplete insofar as the approach does not account for the (non-) role of culture. This commentary examines the human rights approach to AI governance with an emphasis on cultural values and the role of culture. Particularly, I show that the consideration of cultural values is essential to the human rights approach for both philosophical and instrumental reasons.
DOI：
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199688623.003.0005
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Cruft R
通讯作者：
Cruft R