Continuous Presence of Noroviruses and Sapoviruses in Raw Sewage Reflects Infections among Inhabitants of Toyama, Japan (2006 to 2008)
Continuous Presence of Noroviruses and Sapoviruses in Raw Sewage Reflects Infections among Inhabitants of Toyama, Japan (2006 to 2008)
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.01166-08
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发表时间：
2009-03-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Shiraki, Kimiyasu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Iwai, Masae;Hasegawa, Sumiyo;Shiraki, Kimiyasu
诺如病毒（NoV）的各种基因型（基因组I基因型1 [GI. 1]、-2、-4、-5、-8、-11、-12和-14; GII. 3、-4、-6、-7、-10、-13、-14和-15）和沙波病毒（SaV）从2006年4月至2008年3月，从原污水中检测到了GI.1和GI.2，GII.1和GIV.1，而NoV的基因型数量有限，分别从临床病例和健康儿童中检测到SaV（GII.3和GIV.1）和NoV（GII.4、GII.7和GII.13）。在2006年至2008年冬季，大量的散发性胃肠炎暴发和许多由Nov GII引起的暴发。4例发生在日本富山的居民中。从未经处理的污水中检测到的NoV GII基因组的拷贝数随着暴发次数的变化而变化。通过系统发育分析，在原污水和人体样本中观察到的相同基因型的NoV毒株属于同一簇，并且每个基因型之间的核苷酸序列几乎相同。这些数据表明，从原污水中检测到的NoV和SaV反映了社区中流行的病毒，无论症状如何，并且NoV的亚临床感染在日本很常见。结合原污水和临床病例的调查，有助于我们了解这些病毒感染与胃肠炎之间的关系。
Various genotypes of norovirus (NoV) (genogroup I genotype 1 [GI.1], -2, -4, -5, -8, -11, -12, and -14; GII. 3, -4, -6, -7, -10, -13, -14, and -15), and sapovirus (SaV) (GI.1 and GI.2, GII.1, and GIV.1) were detected from raw sewage from April 2006 to March 2008, while limited numbers of genotypes of NoV (GI.8, GII.4, GII.6, and GII.13) and SaV (GII.3 and GIV.1) and of NoV (GII.4, GII.7, and GII.13) were detected from clinical cases and healthy children, respectively. During the winter 2006 to 2008, a large number of sporadic gastroenteritis outbreaks and many outbreaks caused by NoV GII. 4 occurred among inhabitants in Toyama, Japan. The copy number of genomes of NoV GII detected from raw sewage changed in relation to the number of outbreaks. NoV strains of the same genotypes observed in both raw sewage and human specimens belonged to the same cluster by phylogenetic analysis and had almost identical nucleotide sequences among each genotype. These data suggest that NoVs and SaVs detected from raw sewage reflect the viruses circulating in the community, irrespective of symptoms, and that subclinical infections of NoV are common in Japan. Combined surveys of raw sewage with those of clinical cases help us to understand the relationship between infection of these viruses and gastroenteritis.