Lathyrism: A Review
Lathyrism: A Review
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山黧豆主义：回顾
DOI：
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发表时间：
1974
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. J. Miller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Barrow;C. Simpson;E. J. Miller
世俗主义包括两个实体。第一种是神经性甲状腺机能亢进症，在食用了几种山毛豆属动物后，包括人类在内的各种动物中都会出现这种现象。到目前为止，已从这些植物中分离出三种不同的神经甲状腺激素。临床表现为痉挛性截瘫，脊髓退行性病变是这种影响的原因。另一种主要在老鼠和火鸡身上观察到，而在人身上没有观察到的类型叫骨质疏松症。这包括脊柱后凸和长骨的弯曲。在这些动物中也观察到了主动脉无张力，这种效应被称为血管甲状旁腺功能障碍，通常与骨旁腺功能亢进一起出现，血管和骨骼的影响尚未令人信服地分离。香豌豆的有毒产物β-氨基丙腈已被确定为第二种类型苯中毒的常见诱因，尽管已注意到各种合成腈和其他化合物具有类似的效果。对骨性甲状腺肿和血管甲状旁腺组织的广泛研究揭示了独特的组织病理学和超微结构变化，以及结缔组织强度的降低。生物化学研究表明，在弹性蛋白和胶原蛋白形成交联剂的第一阶段，胶原蛋白的溶解度增加，而肌醇氧化酶的特异性酶抑制作用。这些影响可能部分解释了观察到的长骨弯曲，结缔组织抗张强度降低，以及骨性心律失常和血管痉挛的主动脉瘤和破裂。骨促甲状腺激素的致畸作用包括妊娠中期的心外翻和腹裂，稍晚的腭裂，以及更晚的动脉瘤和脊柱后凸。这些效应与给药剂量、给药剂量和给药时间有关，并可能与生化损伤直接相关。
Lathyrism encompases two entities. The first, neurolathyrism, occurs in a variety of animals, including man, after the consumption of several Lathyrus species. Three distinct neurolathyrogens have been isolated thus far from these plants. Clinical manifestations are marked by spastic paraplegia, and degenerative pathological changes are noted in the spinal cord to account for this effect. The other type of lathryrism, observed mainly in rats and turkeys, and not in man, is called osteolathyrism. This consists of kyphoscoliosis of the spine and curvatures of the long bones. Aortic aneyrysms are also observed in these animals, and this effect has been termed angiolathyrism is usually seen in conjunction with osteolathyrism, and the vessel and bone effects have not been convincingly dissociated. Beta-aminopropionitrile, a toxic product of L. odoratus (sweet pea), has been identified as the usual inducer of this second type of lathyrism, although a variety of synthetic nitriles and other compounds have been noted to have similar effects. Extensive studies of osteolathyritic and angiolathyritic tissues have revealed unique histopathological and ultrastructural changes, as well as decreased connective tissue strength. Biochemical studies have revealed increased solubility of collagen and specific enzyme inhibition of iysyl oxidase at the first slep of cross-link formation in elastin and collagen. These effects perhaps partly account for the observed curvatures of long bones, decreased tensile strength of connective tissues, adn aortic aneurysm and rupture in osteolathyrism and angiolathyrism. Teratogenic effects of the osteolathyrogens include ectocardia and gastroschisis in midpregnancy, cleft palate somewhat later, and aneurysms and kyphoscoliosis still later. These effects depend on the dose, agent, and time of administration, and may be directly related to the biochemical lesion.