Tube-dwelling invertebrates: tiny ecosystem engineers have large effects in lake ecosystems
Tube-dwelling invertebrates: tiny ecosystem engineers have large effects in lake ecosystems
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DOI：
10.1890/14-1160.1
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发表时间：
2015-08
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
F. Hölker;M. Vanni;J. Kuiper;C. Meile;H. Grossart;P. Stief;R. Adrian;A. Lorke;O. Dellwig;
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Hölker;M. Vanni;J. Kuiper;C. Meile;H. Grossart;P. Stief;R. Adrian;A. Lorke;O. Dellwig;
有充分的证据表明，管栖无脊椎动物，如摇蚊显着改变多种重要的生态系统功能，特别是在浅水湖泊。摇蚊通过沉积物泵入大量的水以及相关的悬浮和溶解物质，从而与浮游滤食性动物竞争颗粒有机物。这会对浮游植物、微生物、或许还有小型浮游动物造成很大的放牧压力，从而加强底栖-中上层的耦合。此外，管居无脊椎动物的间歇性抽水使沉积物氧化，并创造了一个动态的三维氧化还原条件镶嵌图。这塑造了微生物群落的组成和空间分布，并改变了微生物介导的生物地球化学功能，这往往取决于氧化还原电位。因此，扩大热点的元素循环发生在缺氧-缺氧界面，控制有机质和营养物质的命运，以及沉积物和水之间的营养物质的通量。令人惊讶的是，这些生物体介导的相互作用的机制和幅度仍然知之甚少。为了提供一个综合的重要性管居住的无脊椎动物，我们回顾现有的研究，并将以前忽视的功能特性到一个生态系统模型。基于现有的研究和我们的模型，我们得出结论，管居无脊椎动物在控制水体营养库，因此水质和营养状态发挥着核心作用。此外，这些微小的生态系统工程师可以影响决定浅水湖泊交替清澈和浑浊状态之间变化的阈值。大的影响站在对比传统的湖沼学范式，强调主要是中上层食物网。鉴于全世界浅水湖泊数量众多，底栖无脊椎动物很可能是区域和全球尺度生物地球化学过程的相关驱动因素，从而介导与气候变化有关的反馈机制。
There is ample evidence that tube-dwelling invertebrates such as chironomids significantly alter multiple important ecosystem functions, particularly in shallow lakes. Chironomids pump large water volumes, and associated suspended and dissolved substances, through the sediment and thereby compete with pelagic filter feeders for particulate organic matter. This can exert a high grazing pressure on phytoplankton, microorganisms, and perhaps small zooplankton and thus strengthen benthic-pelagic coupling. Furthermore, intermittent pumping by tube-dwelling invertebrates oxygenates sediments and creates a dynamic, three-dimensional mosaic of redox conditions. This shapes microbial community composition and spatial distribution, and alters microbe-mediated biogeochemical functions, which often depend on redox potential. As a result, extended hotspots of element cycling occur at the oxic-anoxic interfaces, controlling the fate of organic matter and nutrients as well as fluxes of nutrients between sediments and water. Surprisingly, the mechanisms and magnitude of interactions mediated by these organisms are still poorly understood. To provide a synthesis of the importance of tube-dwelling invertebrates, we review existing research and integrate previously disregarded functional traits into an ecosystem model. Based on existing research and our models, we conclude that tube-dwelling invertebrates play a central role in controlling water column nutrient pools, and hence water quality and trophic state. Furthermore, these tiny ecosystem engineers can influence the thresholds that determine shifts between alternate clear and turbid states of shallow lakes. The large effects stand in contrast to the conventional limnological paradigm emphasizing predominantly pelagic food webs. Given the vast number of shallow lakes worldwide, benthic invertebrates are likely to be relevant drivers of biogeochemical processes at regional and global scales, thereby mediating feedback mechanisms linked to climate change.