Structural changes in Japan's higher education system-from a planning to a market model
Structural changes in Japan's higher education system-from a planning to a market model
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日本高等教育体系的结构变迁——从计划模式到市场模式
DOI：
10.1023/a:1003057503085
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
I. Amano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
I. Amano
日本战后高等教育的发展模式是由两种力量之间的平衡变化造成的，即扩张（特别是在私营部门）和控制（最常见的是政府规划者）。文章指出了与社会环境变化相对应的扩张和巩固周期。这些社会因素中最重要的是人口变化对需求和供应的影响。作者展示了政府控制如何被“第二次婴儿潮一代”的双重影响以及由此产生的私营部门对相对突然的需求增长的迅速反应所严重侵蚀。实际上，日本的高等教育可以说是朝着市场模式的提供，因为机构注意到未来学生人数下降的前景，寻求保持他们的招聘水平。文章认为，在系统中的一些变化，这是可能被引入到2000年及以后的情况变化的反应，包括那些集中在教育质量的维护。
The Japanese pattern of development in post-war higher education hasbeen created by changes in the balance between two forces, that of expansion(exemplified particularly in the private sector) and that of control(manifested most frequently by government planners). The article identifiescycles of expansion and consolidation corresponding to changes in socialcircumstances. The most important of these social factors has been theimpact of demographic variations on demand and supply. The author shows howgovernment control was significantly eroded by the double impact of the"second baby boom generation" and the resulting prompt responseby the private sector to the relatively sudden increase in demand. In effectJapanese higher education could be said to be moving towards the marketmodel of provision as institutions, mindful of the prospect of decliningcohorts in the future, seek to maintain their levels of recruitment. Thearticle considers some of the changes in the system which are likely to beintroduced in response to the changed circumstances of the year 2000 andbeyond, including those which focus upon the maintenance of educationalquality.