Electromagnetic Processes in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
Electromagnetic Processes in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
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DOI：
10.1016/0370-1573(88)90142-1
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发表时间：
1986-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Bertulani;G. Baur
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Bertulani;G. Baur
这里介绍了相对论核和原子碰撞中电磁相互作用产生的过程的研究。由于相对论性重离子加速器的建造，如今人们对该领域产生了浓厚的兴趣。当然，这些相对论性重离子机器最重要的目的是研究极端条件下的核物质。在中心核-核碰撞中，人们希望观察到新形式的核物质，例如夸克-胶子等离子体[Lu-84，Bay-86]。另一方面，在没有核接触的远距离碰撞中，会在很短的时间内出现非常强的电磁场。这些领域也可以产生有趣的效应，这里将对此进行讨论。在这个主题上已经有许多有趣的理论和实验发展，并开辟了新的研究领域。特别令人感兴趣的是核碎片的情况。这是通过激发巨共振或通过原子核的电磁相互作用直接分裂来实现的。结果表明，该过程可用于研究通过非相对论能量下的传统电磁激励无法获得的核结构特性。由于横截面很大，粒子的产生也很有趣，特别是在电子-正电子对产生的情况下。尽管人们可以开发非常精细和复杂的计算来解释由此产生的许多过程，但由于我们几乎完全理解了电磁相互作用，因此可以用非常简单的术语来理解结果。对于那些电磁相互作用起主导作用的过程，这显然是研究由原子核或强子中的强相互作用产生的结构的非常有用的工具。
Here is presented a study of the processes generated by the electromagnetic interaction in relativistic nuclear, and atomic collisions. There is nowadays a vivid interest in this field due to the construction of relativistic heavy ion accelerators. Certainly, the most important purpose of these relativistic heavy ion machines is the study of nuclear matter under extreme conditions. In central nucleus-nucleus collisions one hopes to observe new forms of nuclear matter, like the quark-gluon plasma [Lu-84, Bay-86]. On the other hand, very strong electromagnetic fields for a very short time are present in distant collisions with no nuclear contact. Such fields can also lead to interesting effects, which are discussed here.There have been many interesting theoretical and experimental developments on this subject, and new ares of research were opened. Of special interest is, e.g., the case of nuclear fragmentation. This is accomplished through the excitation of giant resonances or by direct break-up of the nuclei by means of their electromagnetic interaction. It is shown that this process can be used to study nuclear structure properties which are n not accessible by means of the traditional electromagnetic excitation at nonrelativistic energies. The creation of particles is also of interest due to the large cross sections, specially in the case of electron-positron pair creation.Although one can develop very elaborate and complicated calculations to explain the many processes originated in this way, the results can be understood in very simple terms because of our almost complete comprehension of the electromagnetic interaction. For those processes where the electromagnetic interaction plays the dominant role this is clearly a very useful tool for the investigation of the structures created by the strong interaction in the nuclei or hadrons.