Quantitative studies of crystal nucleation at constant supersaturation: experimental data and models
Quantitative studies of crystal nucleation at constant supersaturation: experimental data and models
复制标题
DOI：
10.1039/c4ce00344f
复制
发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Sear, Richard P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sear, Richard P.
结晶从成核开始，这是相当少的理解。然而，在过去的几年里，在恒定过饱和度下进行了重要的定量实验，并且这些数据的建模也取得了进展。过饱和度变化的实验，例如，在恒定的冷却速率下，这些是重要的，但难以解释。本文综述了恒过饱和成核的定量研究现状。我们现在可以可靠地测试异质成核，而对于更罕见的均匀成核，则不太可靠。在非均质成核的情况下，我们也可以获得至少一些关于什么是成核的原因的信息。我们现在也有（不幸的是，目前未经测试）成核时间尺度与系统大小的缩放预测。这些预测可能被证明是重要的，无论是从小液滴扩大到更大的体积，并按比例缩小到结晶在纳米尺度相关的纳米技术应用。最后，值得注意的是，在许多实验中，成核时间的动态范围太大而无法测量。这可能是由于高度可变的杂质，这个问题可能需要在未来的工作中解决。
Crystallisation starts off with nucleation, which is rather poorly understood. However, over the last few years there have been important quantitative experiments at constant supersaturation, and the modelling of this data has also advanced. Experiments in which the supersaturation is varying, e.g., those at constant cooling rate, are important but hard to interpret. This review focuses on the state of the art in quantitative studies of nucleation at constant supersaturation. We can now test reliably for heterogeneous nucleation and somewhat less reliably for the rarer case of homogeneous nucleation. In the case of heterogeneous nucleation, we can also obtain at least some information on what is responsible for nucleation. We also now have (unfortunately currently untested) predictions for the scaling of nucleation timescales with system size. These predictions may prove important both for scaling up from small droplets to larger volumes, and for scaling down to crystallisation at the nanoscales relevant for nanotechnology applications. Finally, it is worth noting that in many experiments the dynamic range of nucleation times is too large to be measured. This is presumably due to highly variable impurities, and this problem may need to be addressed in future work.