Psychosocial deterrents of tobacco and khat use among men and women.
Psychosocial deterrents of tobacco and khat use among men and women.
复制标题
男性和女性使用烟草和卡塔叶的心理社会威慑因素。
DOI：
10.1016/j.puhe.2013.02.002
复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
al'Absi,M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nakajima,M;al'Absi,M
为查明吸毒决定因素而开展的研究对公共卫生具有重要意义，因为它可以指导减少今后吸毒的努力。在东非和中东国家以及世界各地的移民中，阿拉伯茶（Catha edulis）的使用非常普遍，1 e5同时使用烟草的男女人数急剧增加。6.阿拉伯茶是通过咀嚼生长在东非和阿拉伯半岛的万年青灌木的叶子来食用的。4这些叶子含有卡西酮，其化学结构与安非他明相似。4在咀嚼阿拉伯茶时，使用者经常报告欣快、友好、能量、信心和食欲不振，通常随后是紧张、焦虑、易怒和失眠。4，6据报告，阿拉伯茶与烟草消费之间存在正相关。5在同时使用烟草和阿拉伯茶的国家，这两种物质的同时使用可能对公共健康造成负担。7有证据表明，文化和社会传统以及对健康的关切可能会减少阿拉伯茶和烟草的使用。8、9然而，这一假设尚未在不吸烟的非阿拉伯茶使用者中得到直接检验。这是一个重要的问题，因为在该地区同时使用的流行率很高。查明阻止人们使用烟草和阿拉伯茶的因素，可能有助于制定防止使用这些物质和其他物质的战略。因此，这项研究审查了防止或推迟也门男子和妇女使用烟草或阿拉伯茶的个人和社会文化威慑因素。这项研究还试图测试在反对吸毒的动机方面的性别差异，因为很少有人试图研究妇女在这一人群中使用药物的情况，参与者是通过在校园和社区张贴传单从也门塔伊兹大学和萨那大学招募的。参与者阅读并签署了塔伊兹大学或萨那大学研究伦理委员会批准的同意书。230名参与者（103名妇女）报告说，他们咀嚼阿拉伯茶，但不吸烟。这些人被要求填写一份关于他们为什么不吸烟的问卷。128人（71名妇女）报告说，他们不嚼阿拉伯茶或抽烟。对这些不使用阿拉伯茶的人又发了一份关于他们为什么不咀嚼阿拉伯茶的调查问卷。两名男性参与者报告说，他们吸烟，但不咀嚼阿拉伯茶;这些人被问及为什么不使用阿拉伯茶。本样本的年龄范围为16至46岁，男性的平均年龄为23.4岁（标准差5.0），女性为22.9岁（标准差4.5）。大多数参与者是大学生。
Research to identify determinants of drug use has important implications for public health as it can guide efforts to reduce future use. In countries within East Africa and the Middle East, and among immigrants around the world, the use of khat (Catha edulis) is highly prevalent1e5 and the concurrent use of tobacco is increasing sharply among men and women. 6 Khat is consumed by chewing leaves of the evergreen shrub that grows in East Africa and Arabic Peninsula. 4 These leaves contain cathinone, the chemical structure of which is similar to that of amphetamine. 4 While chewing khat, users often report euphoria, friendliness, energy, confidence, and loss in appetite, usually followed by tension, anxiety, irritability, and insomnia. 4, 6 Positive associations between khat and tobacco consumption have been reported. 5 The concurrent use of tobacco and khat may represent a public health burden in countries where these substances are used in combination. 7 Evidence suggests that cultural and social traditions as well as health concerns may reduce the use of khat and tobacco. 8, 9 However, this hypothesis has not been examined directly among non-khat users who do not smoke tobacco. This is an important issue due to the high prevalence of concurrent use in this region. Identifying factors that prevent people from using tobacco and khat could be useful in the development of strategies to prevent use of these and other substances. This study therefore examined personal and sociocultural deterrents that prevent or delay tobacco or khat use among men and women in Yemen. This study also sought to test gender differences in motivations against drug use, as few attempts have been made to research women’s substance use in this population.Participants were recruited from Taiz University and Sana’a University, Yemen through flyers posted around the campus and in the community. Participants read and signed a consent form approved by the Research Ethics Committees at Taiz University or Sana’a University. Two hundred and thirty participants (103 women) reported that they chew khat but do not smoke tobacco. These individuals were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding why they do not use tobacco. One hundred and twenty-eight individuals (71 women) reported that they do not chew khat or smoke tobacco. These nonusers were given an additional questionnaire regarding why they do not chew khat. Two male participants reported that they smoke but do not chew khat; these individuals were asked about why they do not use khat. The age of the present sample ranged from 16 to 46 years, and the mean age was 23.4 (standard deviation 5.0) years for men and 22.9 (standard deviation 4.5) years for women. The majority of participants were college students.