Effect of trained evacuation leaders on victims’ safety during an active shooter incident
Effect of trained evacuation leaders on victims’ safety during an active shooter incident
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在枪击事件中，训练有素的疏散领导者对受害者安全的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.ssci.2022.105967
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Sharma, Sharad
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arteaga, Cristian;Park, JeeWoong;Morris, Brendan Tran;Sharma, Sharad
紧急情况下训练有素的疏散领导人提供了改善决策和疏散的潜力。与受害者相比，受过训练的疏散领导者可以根据他们的培训，对设施的了解以及有关事件的其他细节对情况进行有教育的评估，这使他们能够指导受害者选择安全的离开时间和疏散路线。尽管人们普遍了解这些领导人在疏散中的好处，但大规模枪击案需要单独关注，因为这些案件更加复杂，有不同的行为决定，而不仅仅是逃跑，危险源的来源不断变化，射手。本研究开发了一个模拟模型包，并评估了在一个积极的射手事件中，受害者安全的培训评估领导人的效果。这项研究利用了复杂的人类运动动力学模型和人类行为支持过去的文献在一个基于代理的模型。该研究改变了几个参数（例如，占领率，射击率和射程，以及受害者的决定运行或隐藏）在这个模拟得出概括性的结论领导人的影响，各种情况下。结果揭示了几个有趣的点的一般调查结果。总的来说，领导人更多的参与有助于减少死亡人数。与没有受过训练的领导人相比，即使是很少的领导人也能大大改善受害者的安全。即使领导人的立场不一致，他们仍然为受害者的安全提供了实质性的好处。领导者的好处在各种参数研究中一致发现（例如，领导人的数量，占用率，领导人的战略布局，枪支射程和射击率），支持上述调查结果。
Trained evacuation leaders in emergency offer the potential for improved decision making and evacuation. Compared to victims, trained evacuation leaders can make educated assessments of the situation based on their training, knowledge of the facilities, and additional details about the incident, which enables them to guide victims in choosing a safe departure time and evacuation route. Despite a general understanding about the benefits of such leaders in evacuation, mass shooting cases require a separate attention because these cases are more complex with different behavioral decisions, not just running away, with a continuously changing source of the hazard source, the shooter. This study develops a simulation model package and evaluates the effect of trained evaluation leaders on the victim safety during an active shooter incident. The study leverages sophisticated human motion dynamics models and human behaviors supported by past literature in an agent-based model. The study varies several parameters (e.g., occupancy, firing rates and gun range, and victims’ decision of running or hiding) in this simulation to draw generalized conclusions on the leaders’ impact on various scenarios. The results reveal general findings with several interesting points. Overall, increased leaders’ presence contributes to fewer fatalities. Even few trained leaders, compared with none, can considerably improve victim safety. Even if leaders are not uniformly positioned, they still provide substantial benefits for victim’s safety. The leaders’ benefits were consistently found in various parametric studies (e.g., number of leaders, occupancy, leaders’ strategic placement, gun range, and shooting rate) that support the mentioned findings.