Mineral Nutrition and the Size of Local Lesions Induced by Tobacco Mosaic Virus.
Mineral Nutrition and the Size of Local Lesions Induced by Tobacco Mosaic Virus.
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矿物质营养和烟草花叶病毒引起的局部病变的大小。
DOI：
10.1126/science.121.3134.112
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发表时间：
1955
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
H. Scott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Chessin;H. Scott
基本上与以前培养N. tabacum用于N.（1）.详细情况将在以后的来文中公布。硝酸钙和硫酸镁被相应的钠盐代替，硫酸镁被氯化物代替，而铁盐被省略以分别引起钙、镁、硫和铁的缺乏。进行了5个镁缺乏试验和4个其他缺乏试验，每个试验32至80株植物。试验于1952 ~ 1954年在不同季节进行。在一个特定的实验中，所有的植物都是在出现明显的、特征性的缺乏症状（2）后接种的。钙和镁缺乏对随后形成的局部病变的大小没有明显的影响。铁和硫的缺乏，但是，一贯产生较大的病变比那些发达国家对控制叶片，由一个因素的两到三个目测估计。Samuel（3）观察到N.温度对烟草花叶病毒的侵染有显著影响。温度升高至350 ℃，局部病变尺寸增大;高于此温度，未观察到坏死，并发生全身感染。McKinney和克莱顿（4）注意到烟草在高温下产生花叶症状。在75华氏度下携带坏死因子，这与塞缪尔的发现一致。对北冰洋西部N.番茄丛矮病毒在幼叶上产生的局部病变比在老叶上大（5）。显然，根据我们的发现，矿物质营养也可以影响病变的大小。此外，如果病斑大小的增加通常代表系统感染的趋势，那么矿物质营养可能以一种迄今未被认识到的方式影响植物病毒的传播。
Essentially the same techniques as were employed previously for the culture of N. tabacum were used for N. glutinosa,(1). Details will be published in a later communication. Calcium nitrate and magnesium sulfate were replaced by the corresponding sodium salts, magnesium sulfate was replaced by the chloride, and the iron salt was omitted to induce deficiencies of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and iron, respectively. Five magnesium-defieiency experiments and four each of the other deficiency experiments were performed, with 32 to 80 plants per experiment. The experiments were carried out from 1952-54 atdifferent seasons of the year. All plants in a particular experiment were inoculated after pronounced, characteristic deficiency symptoms (2) had developed. Calcium and magnesium deficiencies had no apparent influence on the size of subsequently formed local lesions. Both iron and sulfur deficiencies, however, consistently produced larger lesions than those that developed on control leaves, by a factor of two to three estimated visually. Samuel (3) observed that the response of N. glutinosa to infection by tobacco mosaic virus was markedly influenced by temperature. Local lesion size in-creased by increasing the temperature to 350C; above this temperature no necrosis was observed, and systemic infection occurred. McKinney and Clayton (4) noted the production of mosaic symptoms at high temperatures in Nicotiana spp. carrying the factor for necrosis at 75 F, which agrees with Samuel's findings. On N. glutinosa, tomato bushy stunt virus produces largert local lesions on young leaves than on old leaves (5). Apparently, on thebasis of our findings, mineral nutrition can also influence lesion size. In addition, if increased lesion size in general represents a tendency toward systemic infection, mineral nutrition may affect the spread of plant viruses in a heretofore un-recognized manner.