Bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment.

Bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrrheum.2012.153
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发表时间:
2012-11
期刊:
Nature reviews. Rheumatology
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其他
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骨侵蚀是类风湿性关节炎的一个主要特征,与疾病的严重程度和功能预后不良有关。关节周围皮质骨侵蚀是类风湿性关节炎患者平片上观察到的典型特征,其原因是局部骨过度吸收和骨形成不足。关节骨侵蚀的主要诱因是滑膜炎,包括促炎细胞因子和核因子κB受体激活剂配体的产生,以及针对瓜氨酸蛋白的抗体。事实上,细胞因子和自身抗体都能刺激骨吸收破骨细胞的分化,从而刺激局部骨吸收。尽管目前的抗风湿疗法可以抑制骨侵蚀和炎症,但修复现有的骨损伤虽然在生理上是可行的,但很少发生。缺乏修复至少部分是由于促炎细胞因子对骨形成的积极抑制。本文总结了骨侵蚀的病理生理学方面已取得的实质性进展,并讨论了此类病变的诊断、监测和治疗方面的改进。
Bone erosion is a central feature of rheumatoid arthritis and is associated with disease severity and poor functional outcome. Erosion of periarticular cortical bone, the typical feature observed on plain radiographs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, results from excessive local bone resorption and inadequate bone formation. The main triggers of articular bone erosion are synovitis, including the production of proinflammatory cytokines and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), as well as antibodies directed against citrullinated proteins. Indeed, both cytokines and autoantibodies stimulate the differentiation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts, thereby stimulating local bone resorption. Although current antirheumatic therapy inhibits both bone erosion and inflammation, repair of existing bone lesions, albeit physiologically feasible, occurs rarely. Lack of repair is due, at least in part, to active suppression of bone formation by proinflammatory cytokines. This Review summarizes the substantial progress that has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of bone erosions and discusses the improvements in the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of such lesions.
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