Social Cohesion
Social Cohesion
复制标题
社会凝聚力
DOI：
10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea2297
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Arran J. Davis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jacob M. Taylor;Arran J. Davis
自学术社会科学诞生以来，人类学家、社会学家和心理学家一直使用“社会凝聚力”一词来帮助描述一系列微观和宏观层面的现象，从群体间的心理动态到整个人口在劳动分工、宗教信仰或健康和福祉方面的模式。特别是在人类学中，社会凝聚力长期以来被认为是维持人类社会生活及其相关文化实践的核心。然而，直到最近，在现代进化合成和认知革命之后，对人类社会凝聚力的严格科学探索才形成势头，揭示了它产生的机制，以及它在维持和繁衍人类群体方面所起的作用。这篇文章回顾了著名的人类学对社会凝聚力的描述。它首先追溯社会凝聚力在早期人类学研究中的使用，然后重点关注现代认知和进化方法，这些方法可分为优先考虑文化规范遵守的社会凝聚力理论和优先考虑与社会纽带相关的最接近的心理和情感机制的理论。文章最后概述了社会凝聚力的人类学研究的当前和未来方向。
Since the inception of the academic social sciences, anthropologists, sociologists, and psychologists have used the term “social cohesion” to help describe a range of microand macrolevel phenomena, ranging from intergroup psychological dynamics to population-wide patterns in divisions of labor, religious belief, or health and wellbeing. Within anthropology in particular, social cohesion has long been considered central to the maintenance of human social life and its associated cultural practices. It is only recently, however, that, following the modern evolutionary synthesis and cognitive revolution, rigorous scientific inquiry into human social cohesion has gathered momentum, shedding light on the mechanisms responsible for its emergence and the function it plays in sustaining and reproducing human groups. This entry reviews prominent anthropological accounts of social cohesion. It begins by tracing the use of social cohesion in early anthropological inquiry, before focusing on modern cognitive and evolutionary approaches, which can be divided into theories of social cohesion that prioritize cultural norm adherence and theories that prioritize proximate psychological and affective mechanisms associated with social bonding. It concludes by outlining current and future directions for the anthropological study of social cohesion.