Again: "The New Morphology."
Again: "The New Morphology."
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1951.tb05167.x
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发表时间：
1951-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
EAMES, ARTHUR J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
EAMES, ARTHUR J.
讨论了一些观点，理论，和最近的“新形态学”的支持者的方法，特别是那些林。许多被称为“新”的东西往往似乎代表着一种进步，但实际上是向早期概念的倒退，因为它不是建立在广泛和可靠的研究基础上的;它往往是建立在仅仅一个领域的证据之上的。这种新的形态学主张摆脱形态学产生的误解和错误基础，并提出彻底的变革。形态学的“罪过”被认为是“自上而下”解释结构的罪过。新形态学的“罪过”在于它假定简单的描述性形态学为自然分类和植物发生提供了基础;来自比较形态学和植物学相关领域的证据是不必要的。林提出了一种新的“实体植物门”系统发育方案。“在亚组Neocormophyta（被子植物和买麻藤）中，提出了他最重要的变化。木麻黄科和“Sarcopodalcs”被认为是非被子植物。根据胚珠的位置，被子植物被分为Stachyosporae和Phyllosporae两个类群，与白垩纪时期不同：如果胎座是中央胎座或基生胎座，胚珠是茎生的，植物因此是Stachyosporae;如果胎座是轴生胎座或壁生胎座，胚珠是叶状的，植物是Phyllosporae。比较形态学和解剖学表明，胎座类型之间不存在界线，即游离中央胎座式和基底胎座式是退化型。在确定系统发育关系时，必须考虑来自所有可能领域的证据。考虑到这一点，就可以看出所有被子植物都是叶孢子植物。木麻黄科和“Sarcopodalcs”是被子植物。|| 摘要：A. J. Eames
A discussion of some of the viewpoints, theories, and methods of recent proponents of "The New Morphology," especially those of Lam. Much that is dubbed "new" often appears to represent an advance but is in reality a retreat to earlier concepts for it is not based on broad and sound studies; often it is founded upon evidence from only one field. This new morphology claims freedom from the misconceptions and false bases upon which morphology arose and proposes sweeping changes. The "sin" of morphology is claimed to have been that of interpreting structure "from above downward." The "sin" of the new morphology is that it assumes that simple descriptive morphology provides the basis for natural classification and phylogeny; that evidence from comparative morphology and from allied fields of botany is unnecessary. Lam proposes a new phylogenetic scheme for the "Cormophyta." In the subgroup Neocormophyta (Angiospermae and Gnetalcs) his most important changes are proposed. The Casuarinaceae and "Sarcopodalcs" are considered nonangiospermous. The Angiospermae are divided into the Stachyosporae and Phyllosporae[long dash]groups distinct from Cretaceous times[long dash]on the basis of position of ovules: if placentation is free central or basal, the ovules are cauline and the plant therefore stachyosporous; if placentation is axile or parietal, the ovules are foliar and the plant phyllosporous. Comparative morphology and anatomy demonstrate that no lines exist between placentation-types[long dash]that free central and basal placentation are reduction types. Evidence from all possible fields must be considered in determining phylogenetic relationships. When this is considered it is seen that all angiosperms are phyllosporous. The Casuarinaceae and "Sarcopodalcs" are angiosperms. || ABSTRACT AUTHORS: A. J. Eames