Identifying archaeological evidence of past earthquakes in a contemporary disaster scenario: case studies of damage, resilience and risk reduction from the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake and past seismic events within the Kathmandu Valley UNESCO World Heritage Property (Nepal)
Identifying archaeological evidence of past earthquakes in a contemporary disaster scenario: case studies of damage, resilience and risk reduction from the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake and past seismic events within the Kathmandu Valley UNESCO World Heritage Property (Nepal)
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识别当代灾难情景中过去地震的考古证据：2015 年廓尔喀地震和加德满都谷地联合国教科文组织世界遗产内过去地震事件的损害、复原力和风险降低的案例研究（尼泊尔）
DOI：
10.1007/s10950-019-09890-7
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Davis C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davis C
2015年的廓尔喀地震是一场人道主义灾难，也是一场文化灾难，破坏和摧毁了尼泊尔各地的历史古迹，包括联合国教科文组织世界遗产加德满都山谷内的古迹。在急于重建的过程中，传统建筑的地基被拆除，取而代之的是现代材料，而没有评估这些材料是否导致了纪念碑的倒塌。这些干预措施一般都没有科学记录，导致早期地下文化活动遭到不可逆转的破坏，并可能丧失成功的传统地震适应和减少风险战略的证据，而没有研究现代材料，如混凝土和钢铁，是否会提供更强的复原力。针对这一背景，2015年至2018年开展了多学科灾后调查，包括考古挖掘、地球物理调查、地质考古分析，与建筑和工程研究相结合，开始评估和评估尼泊尔加德满都山谷内历史建筑的破坏和地震适应性。在可能的情况下，我们利用考古地震学方法对2015年廓尔喀地震损坏的选定古迹进行地震考古效应（EAE）的识别和分类。从潜在弱点的证据中吸取的经验教训，以及历史性的“风险敏感策略”，即在古迹内减少灾害，目前正在纳入重建和恢复倡议，同时制定在未来地震面前保护遗产的方法。
The 2015 Gorkha Earthquake was a humanitarian disaster but also a cultural catastrophe that damaged and destroyed historic monuments across Nepal, including those within the Kathmandu Valley UNESCO World Heritage Property. In the rush to rebuild, traditionally constructed foundations are being removed and replaced with modern materials without assessments of whether these contributed to the collapse of a monument. Generally undertaken without scientific recording, these interventions have led to the irreversible destruction of earlier subsurface phases of cultural activity and the potential loss of evidence for successful traditional seismic adaptations and risk reduction strategies, with no research into whether modern materials, such as concrete and steel, would offer enhanced resilience. In response to this context, multidisciplinary post-disaster investigations were undertaken between 2015 and 2018, including archaeological excavation, geophysical survey, geoarchaeological analysis, linked to architectural and engineering studies, to begin to evaluate and assess the damage to, and seismic adaptations of, historic structures within Nepal’s Kathmandu Valley. Where possible, we draw on archaeoseismological approaches for the identification and classification of Earthquake Archaeological Effects (EAEs) at selected monuments damaged by the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake. Lessons learned from evidence of potential weaknesses, as well as historic ‘risk-sensitive tactics’ of hazard reduction within monuments, are now being incorporated into reconstruction and rehabilitation initiatives alongside the development of methods for the protection of heritage in the face of future earthquakes.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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