Neighborhood Déjà Vu: Classification in Metropolitan Cleveland, 1970-2000
Neighborhood Déjà Vu: Classification in Metropolitan Cleveland, 1970-2000
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邻里似曾相识：克利夫兰大都会的分类，1970-2000 年
DOI：
10.2747/0272-3638.32.3.317
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Brian A. Mikelbank
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brian A. Mikelbank
对俄亥俄州克利夫兰市40年的邻里数据进行分类，揭示了五种类型的邻里关系--挣扎、挣扎的非裔美国人、稳定、新开始和郊区。这些街区在整个地区和整个研究期间出现、消失和重新出现在不同地点的方式产生了“街区似曾相识”一词。它恰当地描述了一个不断变化的社区如何似乎过渡到完全不同的东西，但实际上只是成为另一种既定的社区类型。聚类分析对1970年、1980年、1990年和2000年人口普查区的人口、经济和住房数据进行分析，以确定这些社区类型。这种分析的独特之处在于，聚类程序在每个人口普查年份的每个区域都有作用。因此，每个邻域被视为四个单独的观测：每个普查年份一个。通过定义每个变量相对于其人口普查年的平均值，数据在人口普查年之间是可比的，允许一个时间段的街区与另一个时间段的街区聚类。因此，这五种邻里类型不仅分布在整个地区，而且在整个研究期间。这就产生了通过时间和空间追踪任何结果邻域的上升（或下降）或集中（或扩散）的能力。特别值得关注的是，传统的郊区社区在空间上越来越远离城市核心，从数字上看，它们正在从该地区消失-截至2000年，只有55%的1970年郊区社区仍然存在。
The classification of 40 years of neighborhood data for the Cleveland, OH, region reveals five types of neighborhoods—Struggling, Struggling African American, Stability, New Starts, and Suburbia. The way in which these neighborhoods appear, disappear, and reappear in different locations throughout the region and throughout the study period gives rise to the term neighborhood déjà vu. It aptly describes how a changing neighborhood may seem to transition to something entirely different, but in reality is simply becoming another established type of neighborhood. Cluster analysis acts upon demographic, economic, and housing data for census tracts from 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 to identify these neighborhood types. What makes this analysis unique is that the clustering procedure operates on each tract in each of the census years. Thus, each neighborhood is treated as four individual observations: one for each of the census years. By defining each variable relative to its census year mean, the data are comparable across census years, allowing for neighborhoods of one time period to cluster with neighborhoods from another time period. Thus, the five neighborhood types are spread not only throughout the region, but also throughout the study period. This yields the ability to trace through time and space the rise (or fall) or concentration (or diffusion) of any of the resulting neighborhoods. Of particular concern is that spatially, traditional Suburbia neighborhoods are migrating farther and farther from the urban core, and that numerically, they are disappearing from the region altogether—as of 2000, only 55% of 1970's Suburbia neighborhoods remained.