THE PREFERRED TEMPERATURE OF FISH AND THEIR MIDSUMMER DISTRIBUTION IN TEMPERATE LAKES AND STREAMS
THE PREFERRED TEMPERATURE OF FISH AND THEIR MIDSUMMER DISTRIBUTION IN TEMPERATE LAKES AND STREAMS
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DOI：
10.1139/f58-032
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发表时间：
1958-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
FERGUSON, RG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FERGUSON, RG
将黄鲈 (Perca flavescens) 偏好温度的实验室研究与其他 21 个物种的结果进行了比较。这些表明，如果温度单独起作用，则可以确定实验室仪器中鱼的分布。光、与喂养习惯相关的条件反应和社会行为等因素可能会干扰对温度反应的表达。在虹鳟鱼、红鲑鱼和 Coregonus 的实验中需要柔和的光照条件，而在鲈鱼的实验中则需要充足的日光。在低热驯化时，首选温度远高于驯化温度，但这种差异会减小到最终的首选温度，此时两者一致。最终的偏好以及驯化和偏好温度之间的关系是该物种的特征。所得曲线的形状有助于解释对鱼类死亡率和自然界分布的观察结果。本研究中鲈鱼的最终优选温度为 24.2°C，而其他使用较老鱼的研究则为 21.0°C。安大略省某些湖泊的黄鲈夏季实地观测显示平均热分布分别为19.7°、21.0°和21.2°。这与在威斯康星州 4 个湖泊中观察到的 20.8° 非常吻合。据报道，田纳西州水库的缺氧、纽约水域湖鳟主要猎物的分布以及其他因素已被证明会改变自然界的热分布。不同性别对温度的反应对于鲈鱼来说可能很重要。还提供了对某些物种的热分布的现场观察。实验室和现场数据显示，具有较冷最终偏好的鱼具有良好的一致性，而具有较温暖最终偏好的鱼在实验室中表现出比在现场更高的温度。年轻的鲈鱼显示出类似的结果，但较老的鲈鱼在实验室结果和现场观察之间表现出极好的一致性。缺乏共识的原因是年龄差异；对幼鱼进行实验室实验，对老鱼进行现场观察。
Laboratory studies of preferred temperature in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) are compared with results from 21 other species. These show that temperature, if acting alone, can determine the distribution of fish in laboratory apparatus. Factors such as light, conditioned responses related to feeding routines, and social behavior can interfere with the expression of the response to temperature. Subdued lighting conditions were necessary in experiments with Oncorhynchus, Salvelinus and Coregonus, whereas full daylight was required in experiments with Perca. The preferred temperature is considerably higher than the acclimation temperature at low thermal acclimations, but this difference decreases up to the final preferendum, where both coincide. The final preferendum and the relation between acclimation and preferred temperature is characteristic for the species. The shape of the resulting curve aids in interpreting observations of fish mortalities and distribution in nature. The final preferendum of perch from the present work was 24.2[degree]C, from other work using older fish it was 21.0[degree]. Summer field observations of yellow perch in certain lakes in Ontario showed average thermal distribution of 19.7[degree], 21.0[degree] and 21.2[degree] respectively. This agrees well with 20.8[degree]observed in 4 Wisconsin lakes. Oxygen depletion reported for Tennessee reservoirs, distribution of primary prey species of lake trout in New York waters, and other factors, have been shown to modify the thermal distribution in nature. Differential sex response to temperature may be important in the perch. Field observations of thermal distributions for certain species are also presented. Laboratory and field data show good agreement in fish having colder final preferenda, while fish with warmer final preferenda showed higher temperatures in the laboratory than in the field. Young perch showed similar results, but older perch showed excellent agreement between laboratory results and field observations. The lack of agreement is attributed to age differences; laboratory experiments being performed on young fish and field observations being made on older fish.