The future of energy supply: Challenges and opportunities
The future of energy supply: Challenges and opportunities
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DOI：
10.1002/anie.200602373
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Balzani, Vincenzo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Armaroli, Nicola;Balzani, Vincenzo
每一代人都面临着新的挑战和新的机遇。然而，在像地球这样的受限系统中，一代人发现和利用的机会可能会对下一代人造成挑战。化石燃料在世纪为西方世界的富裕国家提供了惊人的机会，但现在人类不得不面对化石燃料开采带来的挑战。化石燃料的探明储量正在逐渐减少，[1]它们的持续使用产生有害影响，例如威胁人类健康的污染和与全球变暖有关的温室气体。目前，世界对石油的日益增长的需求几乎达到每秒1000桶，[2]这意味着每个生活在地球上的人每天大约20升（图1）。[3]目前全球能源消耗量相当于13太瓦（TW），即稳定的13万亿瓦电力需求。我们还能在这条路上跑多久？能源问题是21世纪世纪最重要的问题。这是我们面临的根本挑战，这里有许多至关重要和错综复杂的问题，我们被要求回答。幸福，甚至幸福，是否可以用最高的人均能源消耗量来衡量？我们应该逐步停止燃烧化石燃料吗？科学家们能找到一种能够取代化石燃料的能源吗？Can化学
Each generation is confronted with new challenges and new opportunities. In a restricted system like the Earth, however, opportunities discovered and exploited by a generation can cause challenges to the subsequent ones. Fossil fuels have offered astounding opportunities during the 20th century in the rich countries of the western world, but now mankind has to face the challenges arising from fossil-fuel exploitation. The proven reserves of fossil fuels are progressively decreasing,[1] and their continued use produces harmful effects, such as pollution that threatens human health and greenhouse gases associated with global warming. Currently the world s growing thirst for oil amounts to almost 1000 barrels a second,[2] which means about 2liters a day per each person living on the Earth (Figure 1).[3] The current global energy consumption is equivalent to 13 terawatts (TW), that is, a steady 13trillion watts of power demand. How long can we keep running this road?Energy is the most important issue of the 21st century. Here is the fundamental challenge we face, here are many vital and entangled questions that we are called to answer. Can well-being, or even happiness, be identified with the highest possible amount of per capita energy consumption? Should we progressively stop burning fossil fuels? Can scientists find an energy source capable of replacing fossil fuels? Can chemistry