Investigating evolutionary models of leadership among recently settled Ethiopian hunter-gatherers
Investigating evolutionary models of leadership among recently settled Ethiopian hunter-gatherers
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DOI：
10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.03.005
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发表时间：
2020-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zachary H. Garfield;E. Hagen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zachary H. Garfield;E. Hagen
人类被认为是在小型的、平等的狩猎采集社会中进化而来的。领导力的进化理论大量借鉴了对当代狩猎采集者和其他小规模社会的研究，提出了许多在社会性、生产力、繁殖、统治和认知领域中领导者的特征。我们调查了埃塞俄比亚的查布人（Chabu），他们以前是狩猎采集者，现在以狩猎、采集、园艺和经济作物为生，调查发现，查布人的大多数特征在各个领域都有很强的正相关性，而这些特征反过来又与女性和男性当选领导人的地位呈正相关。声望和支配地位的衡量标准在很大程度上是独立的，尽管两者都能预测领导地位，但声望更重要。有偏见的社会学习是一个温和的预测领导地位，但一个更强的预测尊重。修订后的领导力进化理论必须考虑到女性领导者的重要性和特质的强烈共变。
Humans are thought to have evolved in small, egalitarian hunter-gatherer societies. Evolutionary theories of leadership, which draw heavily on studies of contemporary hunter-gatherer and other small-scale societies, have proposed numerous traits that putatively characterize leaders in domains of sociality, productivity, reproduction, dominance, and cognition. We investigated many such traits among the Chabu, an Ethiopian population of former hunter-gatherers who now subsist on hunting, gathering, horticulture, and cash crops.There were strong positive correlations among most traits across domains, which, in turn, were positively associated with elected leader status among both women and men. Measures of prestige and dominance were largely independent, and although both predicted leader status, prestige was more important. Biased social learning was a modest predictor of leader status but a stronger predictor of respect. Revised evolutionary theories of leadership must account for the importance of women leaders and the strong covariation of traits.