Bio-Physical Modeling of Galvanic Human Body Communication in Electro-Quasistatic Regime
Bio-Physical Modeling of Galvanic Human Body Communication in Electro-Quasistatic Regime
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DOI：
10.1109/tbme.2022.3176541
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发表时间：
2020-11
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Nirmoy Modak;Mayukh Nath;Baibhab Chatterjee;Shovan Maity;Shreyas Sen
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文献类型：
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作者：
Nirmoy Modak;Mayukh Nath;Baibhab Chatterjee;Shovan Maity;Shreyas Sen
人体通信（HBC）是基于无线电波的无线体域网（WBAN）的替代方案，因为其低损耗，宽带宽，从而提高能源效率。HBC在物理安全方面也表现出更好的性能，因为大部分信号都被限制在体内。为了获得最佳性能和可用性，身体通道的建模起着至关重要的作用。在两种HBC模式中，与电容式HBC相比，电流式HBC有望提供更低的损耗，从而缩短通道长度。在本文中，我们提出了第一个集总元件为基础的详细模型的电流HBC通道，这是用来解释的依赖关系的皮肤，脂肪和肌肉组织层的材料属性，沿着与电极的大小，电极的间隔，电极的几何位置和返回路径电容的通道损耗。该模型考虑了皮肤和肌肉组织层的阻抗以及身体和Tx/Rx电极到地-地之间的各种耦合电容的影响。在HFSS中对一个二维平面结构进行了仿真，验证了模型的有效性。利用该模型还解释了发射端和接收端的对称性和非对称性的影响。实验结果表明，由于在发射器和接收器侧的失配，损耗随着信道长度逐渐增加，并饱和到一个有限的值，因为信道长度变得显着更长的发射或接收电极对分离相比。
Human Body Communication (HBC) is an alternative to radio wave-based Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) because of its low-loss, wide bandwidth leading to enhanced energy efficiency. HBC also shows better performance in terms of physical security as most of the signal is confined within the body. To obtain optimum performance and usability, modeling of the body channel plays a vital role. Out of two HBC modalities, Galvanic HBC has the promise to provide lower loss compare to Capacitive HBC for shorter channel length. In this paper, we present the first lumped element based detailed model of Galvanic HBC channel which is used to explain the dependency of channel loss on the material property of skin, fat and muscle tissue layer along with electrode size, electrode separation, geometrical position of the electrodes and return path capacitance. The model considers the impedance of skin and muscle tissue layers and the effect of various coupling capacitances between the body and Tx/Rx electrodes to the Earth-ground. A 2D planner structure is simulated in HFSS to prove the validity of the proposed model. The effect of symmetry and asymmetry at the transmitter and receiver end are also explained using the model. The experimental results show that, due to the mismatch at the transmitter and receiver side, the loss increases gradually with channel length and saturates to a finite value as channel length becomes significantly longer compare to the transmitting or receiving electrode pair separation.