Dissociations in Cortical Morphometry in Youth with Down Syndrome: Evidence for Reduced Surface Area but Increased Thickness
Dissociations in Cortical Morphometry in Youth with Down Syndrome: Evidence for Reduced Surface Area but Increased Thickness
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhv107
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Giedd, Jay N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Nancy Raitano;Adeyemi, Elizabeth I.;Giedd, Jay N.
唐氏综合征（DS）是智力残疾（ID）最常见的遗传原因，但对唐氏综合征（DS）青年患者的皮质解剖结构的详细描述却很少。因此，目前的研究检查偏差皮质厚度（CT）和表面积（SA），在高空间分辨率，在青年与DS，以确定相对于典型的发展（TD）青年的焦点差异。参与者包括31名DS青年和45名年龄和性别匹配的TD对照（平均年龄接近16岁;范围= 5-24岁）。所有参与者在3-T磁共振成像扫描仪上完成T-1加权ASSET校准磁化准备快速梯度回波扫描。重复以前的调查，皮质体积减少DS与对照组相比。然而，一个新的分离SA和CT被发现，即SA减少（主要是在额叶和颞叶区域），而CT增加（特别是在几个地区被认为属于默认模式网络; DMN）。这些结果表明，SA而不是CT的减少正在推动DS既往研究中报告的皮质体积减少。此外，考虑到DMN功能与染色体典型人群中阿尔茨海默病之间的联系，未来的DS研究可能会受益于关注DMN区域的皮质，因为这些研究可能会为这一高危人群中阿尔茨海默病的早发提供线索。
Detailed descriptions of cortical anatomy in youth with Down syndrome (DS), the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID), are scant. Thus, the current study examined deviations in cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA), at high spatial resolution, in youth with DS, to identify focal differences relative to typically developing (TD) youth. Participants included 31 youth with DS and 45 age-and sex-matched TD controls (mean age similar to 16 years; range = 5-24 years). All participants completed T-1-weighted ASSET-calibrated magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo scans on a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Replicating prior investigations, cortical volume was reduced in DS compared with controls. However, a novel dissociation for SA and CT was found-namely, SA was reduced (predominantly in frontal and temporal regions) while CT was increased (notably in several regions thought to belong to the default mode network; DMN). These findings suggest that reductions in SA rather than CT are driving the cortical volume reductions reported in prior investigations of DS. Moreover, given the link between DMN functionality and Alzheimer's symptomatology in chromosomally typical populations, future DS studies may benefit from focusing on the cortex in DMN regions, as such investigations may provide clues to the precocious onset of Alzheimer's disease in this at-risk group.