Measuring immigration and philopatry in seabirds; recruitment to Black-legged Kittiwake colonies
Measuring immigration and philopatry in seabirds; recruitment to Black-legged Kittiwake colonies
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1474-919x.2007.00777.x
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发表时间：
2008-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Coulson, B. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coulson, J. C.;Coulson, B. A.
对英国东北部两个新的黑腿基蒂威克三趾蚁群的亲性程度分别进行了连续36年和16年的研究。在两个群体中，随着群体的年龄（和规模）增加，新加入繁殖组的人数有增加的趋势，但平均每年只增加一个新成员。在两个新蜂群中，第一批雏鸟分别在7年和9年之后才在它们的出生群中繁殖。到那时，每个殖民地已经有100多名移民招募和繁殖。此后，每年都有新的慈善鸟类被记录下来。但在北希尔兹的36年间（1955- 1990），这些人只占新兵总数的23%，在科奎特岛的16年间（1991-2006），这一比例为4.2%。在这两个殖民地，每年新移民的人数都超过了慈善招募的人数。雄鸟占鸟类总数的82%。Kittiwake的低程度的亲缘关系将导致可观的基因在殖民地之间流动，这与物种的小地理差异是一致的。每个移民都必须选择进入哪个殖民地，但这种选择的标准尚不清楚。有人认为，鸟类的许多博爱措施都偏向于高值，因为更容易识别博爱的个体。认为种群海鸟具有高度的亲缘性是不合理的，因为在物种之间，甚至可能在种群之间存在相当大的差异。需要更多基于无偏数据的估计。
The degree of philopatry in two new Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla colonies in northeast England was studied for 36 and 16 successive years, respectively. There was a tendency in both colonies for the number of recruits to the breeding group to increase with the age (and size) of the colony, but by an average of only one additional recruit each year. In the two new colonies, it was 7 and 9 years respectively before the first young birds bred in their natal colony. By that time, over 100 immigrants had recruited and bred in each colony. Thereafter, new philopatric birds were recorded annually. But these formed only an average of 23% of the recruits during 36 years (1955-90) at North Shields, and 4.2% over 16 years (1991-2006) at Coquet Island. In every year at both colonies the number of new immigrants exceeded the number of philopatric recruits. Males formed 82% of philopatric birds. The low degree of philopatry in the Kittiwake will result in appreciable gene flow between colonies and this is consistent with little geographic variation in the species. Each immigrant has to make a choice of which colony to enter, but the criteria for this selection are not understood. It is argued that many measures of philopatry in birds are biased towards high values because of the greater ease in identifying philopatric individuals. The generalization that there is a high degree of philopatry in colonial seabird species is not justified, as there is considerable variation between species, and possibly between colonies. More estimates based on unbiased data are needed.