College freshmens' orientation to experts' personal characteristics after failure and the customary description of others in terms of dispositions
College freshmens' orientation to experts' personal characteristics after failure and the customary description of others in terms of dispositions
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb02049.x
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发表时间：
1999-08-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Gendolla, GHE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gendolla, GHE
一项实验室实验测试了对缺陷的压力体验的认知反应(静态思维)。心理学一年级的学生完成了一项记忆任务，这项任务根据心理相关性和难度进行了操纵。此外，根据参与者在心理学领域的专业目标的特殊性，对成功的经验压力进行了量化。控制条件不执行任何任务。相依性测量是专业心理学家的个人特征。结果表明，人们普遍倾向于用性情来描述他人。但根据Wicklund(1986a，1986b)的理论预测，专业心理学家(即专家)在心理相关任务失败后对特质和外在品质的定向与被试在心理领域的专业目标的具体程度相关。这些发现表明，当被描述的人是专家时，在经历了个人无能的压力经历后，描述他人时的总体倾向被静态思维过程所取代。
A laboratory experiment examined a cognitive response (static thinking) to the stressful experience of a shortcoming. Psychology freshmen performed a memory task that was manipulated in terms of its psychological relevance and difficulty. Additionally, experienced press to succeed was quantified in terms of the specificity of participants' professional goal in the area of psychology. A control condition performed no task. Dependent measures were personal characteristics ascribed to professional psychologists. The results indicated a strong general tendency to use dispositions to describe others. But in accordance with theoretical predictions by Wicklund (1986a, 1986b), the orientation to traits and external qualities of professional psychologists (i.e., experts) after failure on a psychologically relevant task was correlated with the level of specificity of participants' professional goal in the area of psychology. These findings suggest that the general orientation to dispositions when describing others is replaced by the process of static thinking after the stressful experience of personal incompetence and when the persons to be described are experts.