Ependymal cells of chordate larvae are stem-like cells that form the adult nervous system
Ependymal cells of chordate larvae are stem-like cells that form the adult nervous system
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DOI：
10.1038/nature09631
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发表时间：
2011-01-27
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Sasakura, Yasunori
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Horie, Takeo;Shinki, Ryoko;Sasakura, Yasunori
在海鞘被囊类中，从幼虫到成虫的变态过渡伴随着身体平面的动态变化。例如，中枢神经系统（CNS）受到广泛的重排，因为它的调节幼虫器官丢失，新的成年器官产生（1）。为了了解成体CNS是如何重建的，我们通过使用转基因动物和光转换荧光蛋白成像技术追踪了海鞘变态期间幼虫CNS细胞的命运（2）。在这里，我们表明，海鞘幼虫中枢神经系统的大部分地区，除了尾神经索，保持在变态和招聘，形成成人中枢神经系统。我们还发现，大多数幼虫神经元消失，只有一个子集的胆碱能运动神经元和海马神经元被保留。最后，我们证明，室管膜细胞的幼虫中枢神经系统的建设作出贡献的成人中枢神经系统和一些分化成神经元在成人中枢神经系统。这项研究强调了室管膜细胞的一个意想不到的作用，即它们作为神经干细胞样细胞在脊索变态期间重建成人神经网络。因此，脊索动物中非神经元室管膜细胞和神经元细胞的可塑性应在未来的研究中重新检查（3，4）。
In ascidian tunicates, the metamorphic transition from larva to adult is accompanied by dynamic changes in the body plan. For instance, the central nervous system (CNS) is subjected to extensive rearrangement because its regulating larval organs are lost and new adult organs are created(1). To understand how the adult CNS is reconstructed, we traced the fate of larval CNS cells during ascidian metamorphosis by using transgenic animals and imaging technologies with photoconvertible fluorescent proteins(2). Here we show that most parts of the ascidian larval CNS, except for the tail nerve cord, are maintained during metamorphosis and recruited to form the adult CNS. We also show that most of the larval neurons disappear and only a subset of cholinergic motor neurons and glutamatergic neurons are retained. Finally, we demonstrate that ependymal cells of the larval CNS contribute to the construction of the adult CNS and that some differentiate into neurons in the adult CNS. An unexpected role of ependymal cells highlighted by this study is that they serve as neural stem-like cells to reconstruct the adult nervous network during chordate metamorphosis. Consequently, the plasticity of non-neuronal ependymal cells and neuronal cells in chordates should be re-examined by future studies(3,4).