Different levels of protective alkaloids in grasses with stroma-forming and seed-transmitted Epichloe/Neotyphodium endophytes
Different levels of protective alkaloids in grasses with stroma-forming and seed-transmitted Epichloe/Neotyphodium endophytes
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1005489032025
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发表时间：
2000-04-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Bush, LP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leuchtmann, A;Schmidt, D;Bush, LP
三个生物碱组--黑麦草碱、麦角肽和peramine--通常与禾本科植物的内生菌感染有关，主要功能是保护宿主免受草食动物的侵害。我们确定了水平的N-甲酰胆碱，N-乙酰胆碱，麦角缬氨酸，和peramine在18个欧洲草自然感染种子传播Neotyphodium内生菌或性Epichodium物种。其中以Peramine最常见，而Lolines和ergovaline仅在感染E. festucae、扁穗牛肝菌N. coenophialum或N.钩突只有10种分析的草含有可检测到的一种或多种生物碱。有一个明显的趋势，植物与基质形成Epichellus物种是免费的生物碱，那些不产生生物碱只含有少量的peramine。相比之下，感染种子传播的Neotyphodium内生菌的植物通常含有极高水平的黑麦草碱。黑麦草通过增加对食草动物的保护来提高宿主的存活率，因此，可能特别有利于依赖宿主种子生产的无性内生菌的传播。
The three alkaloid groups-lolines, ergopeptides, and peramine-are typically associated with endophyte infection of grasses, with the main function to protect hosts against herbivores. We determined levels of N-formylloline, N-acetylloline, ergovaline, and peramine in 18 European grasses naturally infected with seed-transmitted Neotyphodium endophytes or sexual Epichloe species. Peramine was the most common alkaloid, whereas lolines and ergovaline were only detected in Festuca hosts infected with E. festucae, N. coenophialum, or N. uncinatum. Only ten of the grass species analyzed contained detectable amounts of one or more of these alkaloids. There was a clear tendency for plants associated with stroma-forming Epichloe species to be free of alkaloids, and those that did produce alkaloids contained only small levels of peramine. In contrast, plants infected with seed-transmitted Neotyphodium endophytes often contained extremely high levels of lolines. Lolines enhance host survival through increased protection from herbivores and, thus, may be particularly favored in asexual endophytes that depend on host seed-production for their dispersal.