Controlling the direction of steady electric fields in liquid using nonantiperiodic potentials
Controlling the direction of steady electric fields in liquid using nonantiperiodic potentials
复制标题
使用非反周期电势控制液体中稳定电场的方向
DOI：
10.1103/physreve.107.054608
复制
发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Miller, Gregory H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hashemi, Aref;Tahernia, Mehrdad;Ristenpart, William D.;Miller, Gregory H.
当向电解质溶液施加振荡电势时，通常假设选择哪个电极接地或通电无关紧要，因为电势的时间平均值为零。然而，最近的理论、数值和实验工作已经确定，某些类型的“非反周期”的多模态振荡电位可以诱导朝向接地电极或供电电极的净稳定场[A. Hashemi，Phys.Rev.E105，065001（2022）2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.105.065001]。在这里，我们阐述了这些稳定的领域，通过数值和理论分析的非对称整流电场（AREF）的性质。我们证明了由非反周期电势诱导的AREF，例如，通过模式为2和的双模波形，总是产生在两个平行电极之间空间不对称的稳定场，使得交换哪个电极被供电改变了场的方向。此外，我们表明，而单模AREF发生在不对称的电解质中，nonantiperiodic的电势在电解质中创建一个稳定的字段，即使阳离子和阴离子具有相同的迁移率。此外，使用微扰展开，我们证明了不对称的AREF发生由于奇数非线性顺序的应用潜力。我们进一步推广的理论，证明不对称场发生的所有类的零时间平均（无直流偏置）的周期性电位，包括三角形和矩形脉冲，我们讨论这些稳定的领域可以极大地改变电化学和电动系统的解释，设计和应用。
When applying an oscillatory electric potential to an electrolyte solution, it is commonly assumed that the choice of which electrode is grounded or powered does not matter because the time average of the electric potential is zero. Recent theoretical, numerical, and experimental work, however, has established that certain types of multimodal oscillatory potentials that are “nonantiperiodic” can induce a net steady field toward either the grounded or powered electrode [A. Hashemi , Phys. Rev. E 105, 065001 (2022)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.105.065001]. Here, we elaborate on the nature of these steady fields through numerical and theoretical analyses of the asymmetric rectified electric field (AREF). We demonstrate that AREFs induced by a nonantiperiodic electric potential, e.g., by a two-mode waveform with modes at 2 and, invariably yields a steady field that is spatially dissymmetric between two parallel electrodes, such that swapping which electrode is powered changes the direction of the field. Furthermore, we show that, while the single-mode AREF occurs in asymmetric electrolytes, nonantiperiodic electric potentials create a steady field in electrolytes even if the cations and anions have the same mobilities. Additionally, using a perturbation expansion, we demonstrate that the dissymmetric AREF occurs due to odd nonlinear orders of the applied potential. We further generalize the theory by demonstrating that the dissymmetric field occurs for all classes of zero-time-average (no dc bias) periodic potentials, including triangular and rectangular pulses, and we discuss how these steady fields can tremendously change the interpretation, design, and applications of electrochemical and electrokinetic systems.