A review of the neuroanatomical findings in children with fetal alcohol syndrome or prenatal exposure to alcohol
A review of the neuroanatomical findings in children with fetal alcohol syndrome or prenatal exposure to alcohol
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03658.x
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发表时间：
1998-04-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Riley, EP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roebuck, TM;Mattson, SN;Riley, EP
人类和动物研究已经清楚地表明，酒精是一种生理和行为致畸剂，产前大量饮酒会导致一种独特的出生缺陷模式，称为胎儿酒精综合征。在胎儿酒精综合征中观察到的行为和认知异常的基础是大脑结构和/或功能的改变。本文回顾了有关产前酒精暴露导致的脑畸形的文献，从尸检研究的调查开始，到目前使用磁共振成像和正电子发射断层扫描研究的结果，尸检报告清楚地说明了酒精对发育中的大脑的广泛和毁灭性的影响，尽管在大多数情况下没有确定特定的脑畸形模式，最近的磁共振成像研究，特别是结合定量分析，表明大脑的特定区域，如基底神经节，胼胝体和小脑的部分，可能特别容易受到酒精的致畸作用。使用功能性脑成像技术的进一步研究可能会提供更多关于产前酒精暴露对发育中的大脑的独特影响的信息。发现受酒精影响的大脑特定区域可能使临床医生和研究人员能够寻找大脑中脆弱区域的模式，从而有助于未来检测产前暴露于酒精的儿童。
Human and animal studies have clearly demonstrated that alcohol is both a physical and behavioral teratogen and that heavy prenatal alcohol exposure can lead to a distinct pattern of birth defects termed the fetal alcohol syndrome. Underlying the behavioral and cognitive anomalies seen in fetal alcohol syndrome are alterations in brain structure and/or function. This paper reviews the literature examining brain anomalies attributable to prenatal alcohol exposure, beginning with a survey of autopsy studies and leading up to current findings using magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography studies, Autopsy reports clearly illustrate the wide and devastating influence alcohol has on the developing brain, although for the most part no specific pattern of brain malformation has been identified, More recent magnetic resonance imaging studies, particularly when combined with quantitative analysis, have indicated that specific brain areas-such as the basal ganglia, the corpus callosum, and parts of the cerebellum-might be especially susceptible to alcohol's teratogenic effects. Further studies using functional brain imaging techniques may provide even more information about the unique effects prenatal alcohol exposure has on the developing brain. Discovering specific areas of the brain that are affected by alcohol may allow clinicians and researchers to look for patterns of vulnerable regions in the brain, thereby helping in the future detection of children who are prenatally exposed to alcohol.