HABITAT SEGREGATION AMONG AFRICAN TREEHOLE MOSQUITOS
HABITAT SEGREGATION AMONG AFRICAN TREEHOLE MOSQUITOS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2311.1981.tb00601.x
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发表时间：
1981-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
LOUNIBOS, LP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LOUNIBOS, LP
在肯尼亚海岸附近的湿/干季节性环境中，调查了居住在充满水的树洞中的蚊子的大生境、季节和微生境的划分。从树洞和竹夹中共鉴定出伊蚊14种，库蚊3种，独脚伊蚊3种，弓喙蚊2种，隶属4属22种。其中包括在其他微生境中更丰富的5种：叶腋，果壳或被遗弃的蜗牛壳。在不同植被带或森林高度的诱捕显示，所有17种。研究表明，产卵偏好1个或多个大生境。分离的相关物种的macrohabitat是明显的成员之间的亚属Stegomyia的伊蚊，占57%的个人确定从1个地方。季节性重叠是低之间的伊蚊，跟踪降雨模式，库蚊和Eretmapodites。A.凤梨不同于其他伊蚊在树洞中发现的最大幼虫数量并不遵循大雨。A之间的负相关。在同一森林和季节中共存的荧光素和2种同系物归因于对不同大小的树洞的偏好。A之间的正相关。埃及伊蚊和其他几种伊蚊减少根扶壁时，一个子类的较大的树洞包含更多的物种，被删除。按生长阶段划分的物种可通过两种卵孵化方案来实现，即在同一树洞中使幼虫群体去化：Stegomyia的早期模式，即所有卵的50-95%在第一次浸泡时孵化，和其他亚属（Diceromyia，Finlaya，Pseudarmigeres）的延迟模式，其中不到1/3的卵在第一次浸泡时孵化。湿树洞的数量随季节变化。在1年5或6期间发生时，50%或更多的普查孔含有足够的水幼虫生存。树洞内蚊虫的个体数和种类数与树洞容积呈正相关。在从2个森林树洞和蚊子区系的比较，树洞体积和平均物种数/孔显着不同，但蚊子密度没有。混合草，树木和灌木的生态位诱捕网站产生了最高的平均物种数，每个样本，并陷阱外的村庄，最低。群落交错带的优势度显著低于其他地区。群落交错区和森林诱捕器中捕食性短须弓吻螨幼虫数量与物种丰富度无相关性。
The division of macrohabitats, seasons and microhabitats among mosquitoes which inhabit water-filled treeholes was investigated in a wet/dry seasonal environment near the coast of Kenya. Twenty-two species from 4 genera [Aedes (14), Culex (3), Eretmapodites (3), Toxorhynchites (2)] were identified from treeholes and bamboo traps. These included 5 which were more abundant in other microhabitats: leaf axils, fruit husks or abandoned snail shells. Trapping in different vegetation zones or heights in forests revealed that all 17 spp. examined showed oviposition preferences for 1 or more macrohabitats. Segregation of related species by macrohabitat was apparent among members of the subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes which accounted for 57% of individuals identified from 1 locality. Seasonal overlap was low between Aedes, which tracked rainfall patterns, and Culex and Eretmapodites. A. bromeliae differed from other Aedes found in treeholes in that maximal larval numbers did not follow heavy rainfall. Negative associations between A. fulgens and 2 congeners which co-occur in the same forest and season were attributed to preferences for tree-holes of different sizes. Positive associations between A. aegypti and several other Aedes were reduced when root buttresses, a subclass of larger treeholes containing more species, were removed. Separation of species by growth stages may be accomplished by 2 schemes of egg hatching which desynchronize larval cohorts in the same tree-hole: the early pattern of Stegomyia whereby 50-95% of all eggs hatch at 1st immersion, and the delayed pattern of other subgenera (Diceromyia, Finlaya, Pseudarmigeres) in which less than 1/3 of all eggs hatch at 1st immersion. The number of wet treeholes changed seasonally. During 1 yr 5 or 6 periods occurred when 50% or more of the censused holes contained sufficient water for larval survival. The number of individuals and species of mosquitoes in treeholes were positively correlated with treehole volume. In a comparison of treeholes and their mosquito fauna from 2 forests, treehole volume and mean number of species/hole differed significantly, but mosquito density did not. Ecotonal trapping sites of mixed grasses, trees and scrub yielded the highest mean numbers of species per sample, and traps placed outside a village, the lowest. Specific dominance was significantly less in the ecotone than elsewhere. The predatory larvae of Toxorhynchites brevipalpis in ecotonal and forested traps were not correlated with species richness.