Production of noun suffixes by Turkish-speaking children with developmental language disorder and their typically developing peers.
Production of noun suffixes by Turkish-speaking children with developmental language disorder and their typically developing peers.
复制标题
患有发展性语言障碍的土耳其语儿童及其发育正常的同龄人产生的名词后缀。
DOI：
10.1111/1460-6984.12525
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Leonard,LaurenceB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Güven,Selçuk;Leonard,LaurenceB
土耳其语有丰富的名词后缀系统，尽管它复杂的后缀系统看起来令人望而生畏，但它实际上可以为孩子们提供一个学习的机会。尽管土耳其语具有独特的特点，但它并没有得到广泛的研究，特别是在有语言缺陷的儿童中，比如发育性语言障碍（DLD）。大多数现有的研究都集中在双语儿童身上，结果有些喜忧参半。目的关注患有DLD的土耳其语学龄前儿童的名词形态系统，并将其与两组典型发展（TD）儿童的使用进行比较。此外，还详细考察了其名词后缀错误的性质。我们报告了80名单语儿童、40名DLD儿童（年龄范围= 4;0-7;10）、20名TD年龄匹配儿童（4;0-7;3）和20名年龄较小的平均话语长度（MLU）匹配儿童（2;0-4;3）的数据。这项研究的数据来自于在个别临床评估会议上从儿童那里获得的语言样本。结果与结果DLD患儿使用名词后缀的次数少于年幼和年龄匹配的TD患儿。使用未标记（主格）形式代替明显后缀是所有组中最可能的错误。除了元音和谐之外，后缀变化的变化似乎给这些孩子带来了真正的问题。结论与启示这些结果表明，即使一种语言似乎为名词形态的学习提供了显著的优势，患有DLD的儿童也不能成功地缩小这种差距。某些因素，如元音谐和以外的词形音素变化、同一后缀类型的多个异形以及在成人输入中不统一使用的宾格后缀，被发现是DLD组名词后缀困难的重要预测因素。因为这些相同的因素可以作为其他语言的特征，孩子的困难可能看起来是特定于语言的（例如，语言中的特定异形体），但实际上可能是基于更广泛的困难（例如，处理同一个后缀的多个异形体）。因此，在临床评估和治疗中应考虑超越单一语言的因素。在这个问题上已经知道的是什么目前关于使用名词后缀的土耳其语儿童的文献是非常有限的。虽然土耳其语经常被描述为一种学习者友好的语言，但DLD儿童享受这些学习好处的程度尚不清楚。这篇论文增加了现有的知识与DLD土耳其儿童在名词后缀不太准确比年龄匹配和年轻的对照组。对于这群人来说，中心问题似乎是词音的复杂性增加，而不是更普遍的后缀困难。本研究的一些临床应用是什么？对于治疗患有DLD的土耳其语儿童的临床医生来说，应该优先考虑形态学。这些孩子将受益于侧重于如何将不同的异形体附加到不同的公开课单词的治疗。由于词音复杂性等因素在其他语言中也起作用，因此该研究结果具有更广泛的临床意义。特别是，无论目标语言是什么，临床医生都应该考虑这些更广泛的因素，而不是语言特定的细节，是儿童困难的基础。
BackgroundTurkish has a rich system of noun suffixes, and although its complex suffixation system may seem daunting, it can actually present a learning opportunity for children. Despite its unique features, Turkish has not been studied extensively, especially in the case of children with language deficits, such as developmental language disorder (DLD). Most of the extant studies are focused on bilingual children, and the results are somewhat mixed.AimsTo focus on the noun morphology system of Turkish‐speaking preschoolers with DLD and compare their use with that of two groups of typically developing (TD) children. Moreover, to investigate the nature of their noun suffix errors in detail.Methods & ProceduresWe report data from a total of 80 monolingual children, 40 children with DLD (age range = 4;0–7;10), 20 TD age‐matched children (4;0–7;3) and 20 younger mean length of utterance (MLU)‐matched children (2;0–4;3). The data for this study came from language samples obtained from children in individual clinical assessment sessions.Outcomes & ResultsThe children with DLD made less use of noun suffixes than both the younger and the age‐matched TD children. The use of the unmarked (nominative case) form in place of an overt suffix was the most likely error by all groups. Suffix‐change alternations required beyond vowel harmony seemed to pose real problems for these children.Conclusions & ImplicationsThese results suggest that even when a language appears to provide significant advantages for the learning of noun morphology, children with DLD do not succeed in closing the gap. Certain factors such as morphophonological changes beyond vowel harmony, multiple allomorphs for the same suffix type and accusative suffixes that are not uniformly applied in the adult input were found to be significant predictors of the DLD group's difficulty with noun suffixes. Because these same factors can serve as characteristics of other languages, a child's difficulties might seem to be language specific (e.g., a particular allomorph in the language), but may actually be based on a broader difficulty (e.g., dealing with multiple allomorphs for the same suffix). Accordingly, factors that transcend a single language should be considered during clinical assessment and therapy.What this paper addsWhat is already known on this subjectThe current literature on the use of noun suffixes by Turkish‐speaking children with DLD is very limited. Although Turkish is often described as a learner‐friendly language, the degree to which children with DLD enjoy these learning benefits is unknown.What does this paper add to existing knowledgeTurkish children with DLD are less accurate in noun suffixes than both age‐matched and younger control groups. For this group, the central problem seems to be increased complexity in morphophonology rather than difficulty with suffixation more generally.What are some of the clinical applications of this studyFor clinicians who work with Turkish‐speaking children with DLD, priority should be given to morphophonology. These children would benefit from treatment that focuses on how to attach different allomorphs to different open‐class words. Because factors such as morphophonological complexity operate in other languages, the findings have broader clinical implications. In particular, regardless of the target language, clinicians should consider the possibility that these broader factors, rather than language‐specific details, are the basis for a child's difficulty.