Why nations lead or lag in energy transitions
Why nations lead or lag in energy transitions
复制标题
为什么各国在能源转型方面领先或落后
作者：
Jonas O. Meckling;Phillip Y. Lipscy;J. Finnegan;Florence Metz
描述政策驱动的变化取决于支持绝缘或补偿的机构俄罗斯入侵乌克兰扰乱了能源市场，导致了让人想起20世纪70年代的价格飙升。许多人认为，这场危机可能会加速摆脱化石燃料的转型，并减少温室气体(GHG)排放。然而，各国政府对价格冲击的反应截然不同。尽管一些人优先考虑清洁能源，但另一些人正在加倍投资于化石燃料的生产。为什么各国对同一问题的反应如此不同？获得国内化石燃料资源只是故事的一部分。各国在推动能源和气候政策转型的政治来源方面也各不相同(1，2)。我们借鉴了两个历史事件--1970年代的石油冲击和应对气候变化的政策--说明了各国能源转型的差异，为不同国家的政策制定者加快向清洁能源转型提供了重要的政治机会和制约因素。
Description Policy-driven change hinges on institutions that support insulation or compensation Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has disrupted energy markets, producing price spikes reminiscent of the 1970s. Many suggest that the crisis may accelerate transitions away from fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Yet, governments have responded very differently to the price shock. Though some are prioritizing clean energy, others are doubling down on fossil fuel production. Why do countries respond so differently to the same problem? Access to domestic fossil fuel resources is only part of the story. Countries also vary in the political sources that enable transformational change in energy and climate policy (1, 2). We draw on two historical episodes illustrating variation in energy transitions across countries—the 1970s oil shocks, and policies to address climate change—to offer important lessons on the political opportunities and constraints for policy-makers across different countries to accelerate the transition to clean energy.