Predicting history

Predicting history
复制标题

预测历史

DOI:
10.1038/s41562-019-0620-8
复制
发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
29.9
通讯作者:
Watts, Duncan J.
Watts, Duncan J.
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Risi, Joseph;Sharma, Amit;Shah, Rohan;Connelly, Matthew;Watts, Duncan J.

文献摘要

参考文献

被引文献

相似文献

事件在发生时是否可以准确地描述为历史性的?这类主张实际上是对未来历史学家评价的预测;也就是说,他们将把所讨论的事件视为重要事件。在这里,我们提供了经验证据来支持早期的哲学论点,即这种说法可能是虚假的,相反,许多有一天将被视为历史性的事件在当时很少引起注意。我们介绍了一个概念和方法框架,用于将机器学习预测模型应用于大型数字化历史档案库。我们发现,虽然这样的模型可以正确地识别一些历史上重要的文件,他们往往会过度预测的历史意义,同时也无法识别许多文件,以后将被认为是重要的,这两种类型的错误单调增加所考虑的文件的数量。总的来说,我们的结论是,历史意义是非常难以预测的,与其他最近的工作在复杂的社会系统中的可预测性的内在限制相一致。然而,研究结果也表明,发展“人工档案”,以确定潜在的历史文件在非常大的数字语料库的可行性。
Can events be accurately described as historic at the time they are happening? Claims of this sort are in effect predictions about the evaluations of future historians; that is, that they will regard the events in question as significant. Here we provide empirical evidence in support of earlier philosophical arguments that such claims are likely to be spurious and that, conversely, many events that will one day be viewed as historic attract little attention at the time. We introduce a conceptual and methodological framework for applying machine learning prediction models to large corpora of digitized historical archives. We find that although such models can correctly identify some historically important documents, they tend to overpredict historical significance while also failing to identify many documents that will later be deemed important, where both types of error increase monotonically with the number of documents under consideration. On balance, we conclude that historical significance is extremely difficult to predict, consistent with other recent work on intrinsic limits to predictability in complex social systems,. However, the results also indicate the feasibility of developing ‘artificial archivists’ to identify potentially historic documents in very large digital corpora.
DOI: --
发表时间: 1966
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
R. Montague
通讯作者: R. Montague
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0307752101
发表时间: 2004-04-06
影响因子: 11.1
作者:
Griffiths, TL;Steyvers, M
通讯作者: Steyvers, M
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717729115
发表时间: 2018-05-01
影响因子: 11.1
作者:
Barron ATJ;Huang J;Spang RL;DeDeo S
通讯作者: DeDeo S
DOI: 10.1086/678271
发表时间: 2014
影响因子: 4.4
作者:
D. Watts
通讯作者: D. Watts
DOI: --
发表时间: 2017
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
Sandra González
通讯作者: Sandra González