Preliminary assessment of PCB risks to human and ecological health in the lower Passaic River.
Preliminary assessment of PCB risks to human and ecological health in the lower Passaic River.
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DOI：
10.1080/00984109708984055
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发表时间：
1997-10
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Finley;Kim R. Trowbridge;Scott Burton;D. Proctor;J. Panko;D. Paustenbach
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Finley;Kim R. Trowbridge;Scott Burton;D. Proctor;J. Panko;D. Paustenbach
多氯联苯混合物和特定的多氯联苯（PCB）同源物的浓度进行了测量，在表层沉积物和水生生物（条纹鲈鱼鱼片，mummichog，蓝蟹肌肉和肝胰腺）收集从较低的帕塞伊克河。在47个表层沉积物样本中，有几个样本的多氯联苯浓度超过了美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）的“多氯联苯总量”基准水平（22.7微克/千克）。在水生生物群中分析的18种多氯联苯同系物中的每一种都在一个或多个组织样本中检测到，并且在每个样本中检测到许多同系物（IUPAC编号77、105、114、118、123、126、156、157、167和189）。多氯联苯同源物浓度与报告的多氯联苯含量较高的其他水道中的鱼类中的浓度相似。同系物118在几乎所有样本中的浓度都最高，占在任何特定组织样本中测得的多氯联苯总质量（所有同系物质量之和）的14-60%。尽管多氯联苯同系物在生物群组织中普遍存在（多氯联苯总量高达1，314微克/千克），但在检测限为33-55微克/千克的鲈鱼或螃蟹样本中未检测到多氯联苯。这种异常可能是由于用于分析识别和定量Aroclors的某些PCB同系物的选择性降解。利用测量的沉积物浓度，食物网模型准确地预测了蓝蟹肌肉中个别PCB同系物的浓度（通常在2倍以内），对mummichog也相当准确（通常在一个数量级以内）。条纹鲈鱼鱼片中的浓度被低估了约20-140倍。使用四种不同的方法获得了与鱼类和螃蟹消费相关的癌症风险估计值。使用Aroclor组织浓度（检测极限的一半）和多氯联苯斜率系数，总风险为2.6x10（-6）;使用“多氯联苯总量”测量和多氯联苯斜率系数，总风险为1.9x10（-5）;“多氯联苯毒性当量”方法得出的总风险为6.5x10（-4）;美国环保局最近建议的评估“二恶英类”和非“二恶英类”影响的方法得出的总风险为6.6 x 10（-4）。风险估计的范围如此之广，表明在调查过程的早期认真评价数据要求和风险评估目标对于风险管理决策过程至关重要。
Concentrations of Aroclor mixtures and specific polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were measured in surface sediments and aquatic biota (striped bass fillet, mummichog, and blue crab muscle and hepatopancreas) collected from the lower Passaic River. Several of the 47 surface sediment samples contained Aroclor concentrations that exceeded a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) benchmark level for "total PCBs" (22.7 micrograms/kg). Each of the 18 PCB congeners analyzed in aquatic biota was detected in one or more tissue samples, and numerous congeners were detected in every sample (IUPAC numbers 77, 105, 114, 118, 123, 126, 156, 157, 167, and 189). PCB congener concentrations were similar to those that have been reported in fish from other waterways that contain elevated levels of PCBs. Congener 118 was present at the highest concentration in almost all samples, and constituted 14-60% of the total PCB mass (sum of all congener masses) measured in any given tissue sample. In spite of the prevalence of PCB congeners in biota tissues (up to 1314 micrograms/kg total PCBs), Aroclors were not detected in bass or crab samples at a limit of detection of 33-55 micrograms/kg. This anomaly may be due to selective degradation of certain PCB congeners that are used to analytically recognize and quantitate Aroclors. Using the measured sediment concentrations, a food web model accurately predicted blue crab muscle concentrations of individual PCB congeners (typically within a factor of two) and was also fairly accurate for mummichog (typically within an order of magnitude). Concentrations in striped bass fillet were underestimated by factors of approximately 20-140. Increased cancer risk estimates associated with fish and crab consumption were obtained using four different methods. Using Aroclor tissue concentrations (one-half the limit of detection) and an Aroclor slope factor, total risks were 2.6 x 10(-6); using the "total PCB" measurements and an Aroclor slope factor, total risks were 1.9 x 10(-5); the "PCB-TEQ" method yielded total risks of 6.5 x 10(-4); and USEPA's recent suggested approach for evaluating "dioxin-like" and non-"dioxin-like" effects resulted in a total risk of 6.6 x 10(-4). This wide range in risk estimates indicates that it is critical to the risk management decision-making process that data requirements and risk assessment objectives be carefully evaluated early in the investigation process.