GENDER STEREOTYPES STEM FROM THE DISTRIBUTION OF WOMEN AND MEN INTO SOCIAL ROLES
GENDER STEREOTYPES STEM FROM THE DISTRIBUTION OF WOMEN AND MEN INTO SOCIAL ROLES
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.46.4.735
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
STEFFEN, VJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
EAGLY, AH;STEFFEN, VJ
根据对性别的陈规定型观念，妇女比男子更具有集体性（无私和关心他人），而较少主动性（自我主张和主动掌握）。据推测，这些信念源于观察者对男女不同社会角色的观察：（a）妇女比男子更有可能担任地位和权力较低的职位，（B）妇女比男子更有可能成为家庭主妇，不太可能受雇于有薪劳动力。在5个实验中，3,839名女性和850名男性，其中大多数是大学生，每人阅读一个男人或女人的描述，然后根据某些属性对刺激人物进行评级。实验一和二未能支持的假设，观察到的性别差异的地位的基础上的信念，女性的公共素质和男性agentic素质。实验三支持的假设，观察到的性别差异分布到家庭主妇和雇员的职业角色占这些信念。在这个实验中，被试刻板地看待普通的女人和男人。女性和男性家庭主妇被认为是高的共融和低的机构。女性和男性员工被认为是低的共融和高的机构，虽然女性员工被认为是更代理比男性同行。实验四和五检查的看法，可能占的信念，就业妇女特别agentic的自由选择就业占合理。(58参考）（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2022阿帕，保留所有权利）
According to stereotypic beliefs about the sexes, women are more communal (selfless and concerned with others) and less agentic (self-assertive and motivated to master) than men. These beliefs were hypothesized to stem from perceivers' observations of women and men in differing social roles:(a) Women are more likely than men to hold positions of lower status and authority, and (b) women are more likely than men to be homemakers and are less likely to be employed in the paid work force. In 5 experiments, 3,839 women and 850 men, most of whom were university students, each read a description of 1 man or woman and then rated that stimulus person on certain attributes. Exps I and II failed to support the hypothesis that observed sex differences in status underlie belief in female communal qualities and male agentic qualities. Exp III supported the hypothesis that observed sex differences in distribution into homemaker and employee occupational roles account for these beliefs. In this experiment, Ss perceived the average woman and man stereotypically. Female and male homemakers were perceived as high in communion and low in agency. Female and male employees were perceived as low in communion and high in agency, although female employees were perceived as even more agentic than their male counterparts. Exps IV and V examined perceptions that might account for the belief that employed women are especially agentic; freedom of choice about being employed accounted for it reasonably well.(58 ref)(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)