Age Differences in the Response of Willow Tits (Parus montanus) to Conspecific Alarm Calls
Age Differences in the Response of Willow Tits (Parus montanus) to Conspecific Alarm Calls
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柳山雀 (Parus montanus) 对同种警报呼叫反应的年龄差异
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Suhonen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Rajala;Osmo Rätti;J. Suhonen
捕食是越冬鸟类死亡的一个重要因素。为了解决这个问题，鸟类在捕食者出现时发出警报，以警告同类。在社会等级分明的鸟群中，成鸟比幼鸟更能度过冬天，因此生存策略可能因社会地位而异。本研究考察了芬兰优势结构冬季群中自由生活的山雀（Parus montanus）对警报叫声的不同反应。为了探索不同年龄对同种鸣叫的反应差异，研究人员对坐在云杉树枝中间的成年和幼年鸣叫进行了一系列的三次鸣叫。在播放之后，幼柳山雀比成年柳山雀更频繁地移动，飞得更远，换树枝也更频繁。先前对哺乳动物的研究表明，幼崽在听到相同的警报后比成年崽更有可能逃跑。目前的研究表明，鸟类对同种警报叫声也有类似的年龄依赖性反应。这些发现反映了幼鸟对捕食者的脆弱性增加或缺乏经验。
Predation is an important mortality factor in wintering birds. To counter this, birds produce alarm calls in the presence of predators which serve to warn conspecifics. In social hierarchical bird flocks, adults survive the winter better than juveniles and therefore survival strategies probably vary with social status. This study examined the differential responses to alarm calls by free-living willow tits, Parus montanus, in dominance-structured winter flocks in Finland. To explore the age-dependent differences in response to conspecific alarm calls, a series with three alarm calls was played to focal adults and juveniles while they sat in the middle section of a spruce branch. Immediately after the playback, juvenile willow tits moved more often, flew longer distances and changed branches more often than did adults. Previous mammal studies have shown that juveniles are more likely to flee than adults after hearing conspecific alarm calls. The current study demonstrates that similar age-dependent responses to conspecific alarm calls occur in birds also. These findings reflect an increased vulnerability to predators or lack of experience of young birds.