Actual vs. Perceived Eyewitness Accuracy and Confidence and the Featural Justification Effect
Actual vs. Perceived Eyewitness Accuracy and Confidence and the Featural Justification Effect
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DOI：
10.1037/xap0000182
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Dodson, Chad S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dobolyi, David G.;Dodson, Chad S.
这篇文章记录了客观目击者的准确性和感知目击者的准确性之间的矛盾。客观地说，当一个列队辨认伴随着一个理由，这个理由是指关于嫌疑人的一个可观察的特征（“我记得他的眼睛”），一个不可观察的特征（“他看起来像我的一个朋友”）或只是一个认识的声明（“我认识他”）时，目击者的识别准确性（以及置信度-准确性关系）是非常强的。然而，有一个较弱的信心和准确性之间的关系，并增加了高置信度的错误识别，伴随着参考熟悉比参考任何其他类型的理由。关于感知的准确性，我们记录了一个强大的认知偏差的功能的理由效应，导致目击者被认为是不太准确，不太自信，当他们证明他们的身份时，参考一个可观察到的功能相比，当他们给任何其他类型的理由，除了参考熟悉。
This article documents a contradiction between objective eyewitness accuracy and perceived eyewitness accuracy. Objectively, eyewitness identification accuracy (and the confidence-accuracy relationship) is comparably strong when a lineup identification is accompanied by a justification that refers to either an observable feature about the suspect ("I remember his eyes"), an unobservable feature ("He looks like a friend of mine") or just a statement of recognition ("I recognize him"). There is, however, a weaker relationship between confidence and accuracy and an increase in high confidence errors for identifications that are accompanied by references to familiarity than by references to any other type of justification. With respect to perceived accuracy, we document a robust cognitive bias-the featural justification effect-that causes eyewitnesses to be regarded by others as less accurate and less confident when they justify their identification by referring to an observable feature as compared to when they give any other kind of justification, except for a reference to familiarity.