Biotransformation of lincomycin and fluoroquinolone antibiotics by the ammonia oxidizers AOA, AOB and comammox: A comparison of removal, pathways, and mechanisms
Biotransformation of lincomycin and fluoroquinolone antibiotics by the ammonia oxidizers AOA, AOB and comammox: A comparison of removal, pathways, and mechanisms
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氨氧化剂 AOA、AOB 和comammox 对林可霉素和氟喹诺酮类抗生素的生物转化：去除、途径和机制的比较
DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2021.117003
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Qinglong Wu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lijun Zhou;Ping Han;Mengyue Zhao;Yaochun Yu;Dongyao Sun;Lijun Hou;Min Liu;Qiang Zhao;Xiufeng Tang;Uli Kluemper;Jidong Gu;Yujie Men;Qinglong Wu
本研究以林可霉素（LIN）、环丙沙星（CFX）、诺氟沙星（NFX）和氧氟沙星（OFX）3种氟喹诺酮类抗生素（FQs）为研究对象，探讨了不同氨氧化微生物（AOM）对它们的生物转化机制。这些生物体包括完全氨氧化菌（comammox）Nitrospira inopinata、氨氧化古菌（AOA）Nitrososphaera gargensis和氨氧化细菌（AOB）Nitrosomonas nitrosaNm 90的纯培养物。去除这些抗生素的纯微生物培养物和蛋白质归一化的生物转化速率常数表明，LIN显着共代谢生物转化AOA和comammox，但不是由AOB。CFX和NFX被AOA和AOB显著共代谢，但不被comammox共代谢。测试的培养物均未有效转化OFX。总的来说，AOA对LIN和FQs的生物转化能力最强，其次是Comammox和AOB。并对转化产物及其相关的生物转化机制进行了阐述。i）AOA进行LIN的羟基化、S-氧化和脱甲基化，以及CFX和NFX的哌嗪部分的亚硝化和裂解; ii）AOB利用亚硝化来生物转化CFX和NFX;以及iii）comammox进行LIN的羟基化、脱甲基化和脱甲硫基化。氨氧化的中间产物羟胺与LIN及所选的氟喹诺酮类化合物发生化学反应，去除率超过90%。总的来说，这些研究结果提供了重要的基本见解，不同的氨氧化剂及其中间体的作用，LIN和FQ生物转化硝化环境，包括废水处理系统。
In this study, we evaluated the biotransformation mechanisms of lincomycin (LIN) and three fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs), ciprofloxacin (CFX), norfloxacin (NFX), and ofloxacin (OFX), which regularly enter aquatic environments through human activities, by different ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOM). The organisms included a pure culture of the complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox)Nitrospira inopinata, an ammonia oxidizing archaeon (AOA)Nitrososphaera gargensis, and an ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (AOB)Nitrosomonas nitrosaNm90. The removal of these antibiotics by the pure microbial cultures and the protein-normalized biotransformation rate constants indicated that LIN was significantly co-metabolically biotransformed by AOA and comammox, but not by AOB. CFX and NFX were significantly co-metabolized by AOA and AOB, but not by comammox. None of the tested cultures transformed OFX effectively. Generally, AOA showed the best biotransformation capability for LIN and FQs, followed by comammox and AOB. The transformation products and their related biotransformation mechanisms were also elucidated. i) The AOA performed hydroxylation, S-oxidation, and demethylation of LIN, as well as nitrosation and cleavage of the piperazine moiety of CFX and NFX; ii) the AOB utilized nitrosation to biotransform CFX and NFX; and iii) the comammox carried out hydroxylation, demethylation, and demethylthioation of LIN. Hydroxylamine, an intermediate of ammonia oxidation, chemically reacted with LIN and the selected FQs, with removals exceeding 90%. Collectively, these findings provide important fundamental insights into the roles of different ammonia oxidizers and their intermediates on LIN and FQ biotransformation in nitrifying environments including wastewater treatment systems.