Citizenship, reproduction and the state: international marriage and human rights
Citizenship, reproduction and the state: international marriage and human rights
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公民身份、生殖和国家：国际婚姻和人权
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
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通讯作者：
B. Turner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Turner
在公民权的社会政治理论中，公民权与婚姻家庭的关系往往被忽视。亲密的家庭生活与私人领域联系在一起，部分原因是生殖本身被认为取决于个人的私人选择。虽然女权主义理论挑战了私人和公共之间的这种划分——“个人就是政治”——但缺乏对家庭关系、生育和公民身份的系统思考令人费解。公民身份是一种赋予政治权利的法律地位，如持有护照或在选举中投票的权利。然而，从社会学的角度来看，我们需要了解公民身份的社会基础和后果- -无论其在法律和政治方面的定义多么狭隘。这篇文章首先指出了一个显而易见的观点，即我们大多数人在出生时继承了公民身份，从某种意义上说，我们并没有选择成为“越南”或“马来西亚”或“日本”公民。虽然归化是国际移民和定居的一个重要方面，但我们大多数人可以说是出生时就获得了公民身份。因此，家庭是政治身份和成员身份的一个重要但往往是隐含的方面。用社会学的语言来说，公民身份看起来像是一种被赋予的地位，而不是一种获得的地位，因此变得混乱，并融入了种族主义。考虑到以下事实，这种公民权的继承是奇怪的，至少在西方，在启蒙运动和法国大革命的宣言之后，有一种假设，认为公民权是种族“盲目”的普遍术语，但实际上它与家庭或私人地位密切相关。民族国家内部的这些复杂关系因当代跨国婚姻的增长而进一步复杂化，本文考虑了全球移民模式背景下的婚姻、生育和公民身份问题。
The relationship between citizenship, marriage and family has often been overlooked in the social and political theory of citizenship. Intimate domestic life is associated with the private sphere, partly because reproduction itself is thought to depend on the private choices of individuals. While feminist theory has challenged this division between private and public – ‘the personal is political’ – the absence of any systematic thinking about familial relations, reproduction and citizenship is puzzling. Citizenship is a juridical status that confers political rights such as the right to carry a passport or to vote in elections. However, from a sociological point of view, we need to understand the social foundations and consequences of citizenship – however narrowly defined in legal and political terms. This article starts by noting the obvious point that the majority of us inherit citizenship at birth and in a sense we do not choose to be ‘Vietnamese’ or ‘Malaysian’ or ‘Japanese’ citizens. Although naturalisation is an important aspect of international migration and settlement, the majority of us are, as it were, born into citizenship. Therefore, the family is an important but often implicit facet of political identity and membership. In sociological language, citizenship looks like an ascribed rather than achieved status, and as a result becomes confused and infused with ethnicity. This inheritance of citizenship is odd given the fact that, at least in the West, there is a presumption, following the pronouncements of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, to think of citizenship in universal terms that are ethnically ‘blind’, but it is in fact closely connected with familial or private status. These complex relations within the nation-state are further complicated by the contemporary growth of transnational marriages and this article considers the problems of marriage, reproduction and citizenship in the context of global patterns of migration.