THE SUBSTITUTABILITY OF REINFORCERS
THE SUBSTITUTABILITY OF REINFORCERS
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DOI：
10.1901/jeab.1993.60-141
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发表时间：
1993-07-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
FREED, DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GREEN, L;FREED, DE
可替代性是从微观经济学中借用的一个概念，它描述了在给定情况下，替代者之间可能的相互作用的连续统一体。高度可替代的替代物占据了连续体的一端，由于它们的功能相似性，它们很容易相互交换。在连续体的另一端，互补的消费者往往以相当严格的比例共同消费，因此除非达到这一比例，否则不能相互交易。在连续体的中心是相互独立的消费者;一个消费者对另一个消费者没有影响。心理学研究和分析在替代性方面采用标准的操作性条件反射范式，其中人类和非人类在替代性替代者之间进行选择。当行为分析模型考虑可替代性问题时，在这些研究中发现的一系列干扰相互作用更容易适应和预测。在饮食、脑电刺激、选择替代品的时间分离、行为治疗、药物使用和成瘾等领域获得了新的见解。此外，广义匹配定律（鲍姆，1974）获得更大的解释力和全面性时，替代措施。
Substitutability is a construct borrowed from microeconomics that describes a continuum of possible interactions among the reinforcers in a given situation. Highly substitutable reinforcers, which occupy one end of the continuum, are readily traded for each other due to their functional similarity. Complementary reinforcers, at the other end of the continuum, tend to be consumed jointly in fairly rigid proportion, and therefore cannot be traded for one another except to achieve that proportion. At the center of the continuum are reinforcers that are independent with respect to each other; consumption of one has no influence on consumption of another. Psychological research and analyses in terms of substitutability employ standard operant conditioning paradigms in which humans and nonhumans choose between alternative reinforcers. The range of reinforcer interactions found in these studies is more readily accommodated and predicted when behavior-analytic models of choice consider issues of substitutability. New insights arc gained into such areas as eating and drinking, electrical brain stimulation, temporal separation of choice alternatives, behavior therapy, drug use, and addictions. Moreover, the generalized matching law (Baum, 1974) gains greater explanatory power and comprehensiveness when measures of substitutability are included.