Organochlorine compounds and testicular dysgenesis syndrome: human data
Organochlorine compounds and testicular dysgenesis syndrome: human data
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01171.x
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发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
McGlynn, K. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cook, M. B.;Trabert, B.;McGlynn, K. A.
隐睾症、尿道下裂、生育力低下和睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤被认为是睾丸发育不全综合征（TDS），其前提是每一种都可能源于胎儿生命期间胚胎编程和性腺发育的扰动。考虑到性类固醇激素在泌尿生殖系统发育和体内平衡中的重要性，内分泌干扰化学物质被假设与这些疾病有关。有机氯是这样一组化合物，其被定义为含有1至10个共价键合的氯原子。这些化合物是半衰期长的持久性污染物，摄入后会在脂肪组织中积累，并产生生物累积和生物放大作用，其毒理学特征复杂多变。有机氯的例子包括二氯二苯基三氯乙烷及其代谢物、多氯联苯和三氯甲烷。在这一全面审查的人类流行病学研究，测试了有机氯和TDS的方面之间的关联，我们发现的证据之间的联系接触p，p '-DDE，顺式-九氯和反式-九氯与睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤。从人类流行病学研究中获得的证据表明，所研究的特定有机氯与隐睾症、尿道下裂或生育力之间没有任何联系。许多其他内分泌干扰化学品，包括额外的有机氯，尚未评估与TDS相关的疾病，但研究这些化学品具有很强的科学价值，因为这些假设与泌尿生殖系统发育的相关性。
Cryptorchidism, hypospadias, subfertility and testicular germ-cell tumour have been suggested to comprise a testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) based on the premise that each may derive from perturbations of embryonal programming and gonadal development during foetal life. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals have been hypothesized to be associated with these disorders, given the importance of sex steroid hormones in urogenital development and homeostasis. Organochlorines are one such set of compounds which are defined as containing between one and ten covalently bonded chlorine atoms. These compounds are persistent pollutants with long half-lives, accumulate in adipose tissue when ingested, bioaccumulate and biomagnify, and have complex and variable toxicological profiles. Examples of organochlorines include dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane and its metabolites, polychlorinated biphenyls, and chlordane. In this comprehensive review of human epidemiologic studies which have tested for associations between organochlorines and facets of TDS, we find evidence for associations between the exposures p,p'-DDE, cis-nonachlor and trans-nonachlor with testicular germ-cell tumour. The sum of the evidence from human epidemiological studies does not indicate any association between specific organochlorines studied and cryptorchidism, hypospadias or fertility. Many other endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including additional organochlorines, have yet to be assessed in relation to disorders associated with TDS, yet study of such chemicals has strong scientific merit given the relevance of such hypotheses to urogenital development.