Medication errors: definitions and classification
Medication errors: definitions and classification
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03415.x
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Aronson, Jeffrey K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aronson, Jeffrey K.
2.定义技术术语的四种主要方法考虑词源，用法，以前的定义和拉姆齐-刘易斯方法（基于对理论和实践的理解）。用药错误是“治疗过程中的失败，导致或有可能导致患者伤害”。处方错误是用药错误的一个子集，应与处方错误区分开来。处方错误是“处方[决策]过程中的失败，导致或有可能导致患者伤害”。与此匡威，“平衡处方”是“使用适合患者病情的药物，并且在治疗决策的不确定性所造成的限制范围内，在剂量方案中优化利益与伤害的平衡”。这排除了所有形式的处方错误，例如不合理、不适当和无效的处方、开药不足和开药过多。5.处方错误是“处方书写过程中的失败，导致关于处方的一个或多个正常特征的错误说明”。“正常特征”包括接受者的身份、药物的身份、制剂、剂量、途径、时间、频率和给药持续时间。用药错误可以根据心理学理论分为基于知识的错误、基于规则的错误、基于行动的失误和基于记忆的失误。这一分类为预防战略提供了依据。
2. The four main approaches to defining technical terms consider etymology, usage, previous definitions, and the Ramsey-Lewis method (based on an understanding of theory and practice).3. A medication error is 'a failure in the treatment process that leads to, or has the potential to lead to, harm to the patient'.4. Prescribing faults, a subset of medication errors, should be distinguished from prescription errors. A prescribing fault is 'a failure in the prescribing [decision-making] process that leads to, or has the potential to lead to, harm to the patient'. The converse of this, 'balanced prescribing' is 'the use of a medicine that is appropriate to the patient's condition and, within the limits created by the uncertainty that attends therapeutic decisions, in a dosage regimen that optimizes the balance of benefit to harm'. This excludes all forms of prescribing faults, such as irrational, inappropriate, and ineffective prescribing, underprescribing and overprescribing.5. A prescription error is 'a failure in the prescription writing process that results in a wrong instruction about one or more of the normal features of a prescription'. The 'normal features' include the identity of the recipient, the identity of the drug, the formulation, dose, route, timing, frequency, and duration of administration.6. Medication errors can be classified, invoking psychological theory, as knowledge-based mistakes, rule-based mistakes, action-based slips, and memory-based lapses. This classification informs preventive strategies.