Effects of Fuel Moisture Content on Emissions from a Rocket-Elbow Cookstove.
Effects of Fuel Moisture Content on Emissions from a Rocket-Elbow Cookstove.
复制标题
燃料水分含量对火箭弯头炉排放的影响。
DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.9b00235
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Volckens,John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
vanZyl,Lizette;Tryner,Jessica;Bilsback,KelseyR;Good,Nicholas;Hecobian,Arsineh;Sullivan,Amy;Zhou,Yong;Peel,JenniferL;Volckens,John
接触固体燃料炉灶造成的空气污染是过早死亡的主要风险因素；然而，燃料水分含量对固体燃料炉灶空气污染物排放的影响仍然很少受到限制。这项工作的目的是表征火箭弯头炉灶在三种不同湿度水平（以干质量计为 5%、15% 和 25%）下燃烧木材的排放特征。测量二氧化碳（CO2）、一氧化碳（CO）、甲烷、细颗粒物（PM2.5）、PM2.5元素碳（EC）、PM2.5有机碳、甲醛、乙醛、苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯的排放量。除 CO2 和 EC 外，所有污染物的排放因子（EF；g·MJdelivered–1）均随燃料水分含量的增加而增加：CO EF 增加 84%，PM2.5EF 增加 149%，甲醛 EF 增加 216%，苯 EF 增加 82%。改进的燃烧效率和燃烧室出口处的温度都随着燃料水分的增加而降低，这表明蒸发燃料中的水所需的能量导致燃烧室中的温度降低和气相氧化速率降低。这些结果表明，燃料平衡水分含量的变化可能会导致 PM2.5 等污染物的 EF 在不同地理区域内变化 2 倍或更多。
Exposure to air pollution from solid-fuel cookstoves is a leading risk factor for premature death; however, the effect of fuel moisture content on air pollutant emissions from solid-fuel cookstoves remains poorly constrained. The objective of this work was to characterize emissions from a rocket-elbow cookstove burning wood at three different moisture levels (5%, 15%, and 25% on a dry mass basis). Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), PM2.5elemental carbon (EC), PM2.5organic carbon, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes were measured. Emission factors (EFs; g·MJdelivered–1) for all pollutants, except CO2and EC, increased with increasing fuel moisture content: CO EFs increased by 84%, PM2.5EFs increased by 149%, formaldehyde EFs increased by 216%, and benzene EFs increased by 82%. Both modified combustion efficiency and the temperature at the combustion chamber exit decreased with increasing fuel moisture, suggesting that the energy required to vaporize water in the fuel led to lower temperatures in the combustion chamber and lower gas-phase oxidation rates. These results illustrate that changes in fuel equilibrium moisture content could cause EFs for pollutants such as PM2.5to vary by a factor of 2 or more across different geographic regions.