EYE MOVEMENTS DURING FIXATION
EYE MOVEMENTS DURING FIXATION
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DOI：
10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004706
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发表时间：
1952-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
BARLOW, HB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BARLOW, HB
方法 寻求一种方法来检测将图像在视网膜上移动所需的运动，移动距离为中央凹的两个圆锥体之间的距离。 Hartridge (1947) 总结了有关视锥细胞尺寸的文献，并得出结论，该距离在后结点处包围了大约 40" 的弧。该方法还必须能够记录以 50/秒或更高的速度发生的振荡，因为 Adler 和 Fliegelman (1934) 已经报告了这种运动。眼睛的正常状况应尽可能少地受到干扰。这里使用的方法的原理是 将小水银滴放在角膜上，通过显微镜在移动胶片上拍摄水滴中形成的小光的图像。记录液滴沿一个方向的平移运动；为了计算图像在视网膜上的移动，旋转中心必须是静止的，这需要保持头部尽可能静止。这是通过让受试者仰卧，将头靠在一块石板上来完成的 进入墙壁。头部周围装有坚硬的铁架，一侧装有楔子。因此，头部固定在楔子和侧面框架之间，并搁在石板上。此外，牙齿通过古塔胶中的牙印模固定，牙印模夹在框架的横杆上。这种安排永远不会停止头部的所有运动，但在最好的情况下，每次心跳只留下轻微的运动。这些 通过拍摄放置在前额或鼻梁上的液滴来记录每次实验开始和结束时的运动；这些记录可能高估了运动，因为面部肌肉组织的收缩可能会移动液滴。
METHOD A method was sought that would detect the movement needed to shift the image across the retina by the distance separating two conesat the fovea. Hartridge (1947) summarized the literature on the size of the cones, and concluded that this distance subtended about 40" of arc at the posterior nodal point. The method must also be capable of recording oscillations occurring at 50/sec or more, since Adler & Fliegelman (1934) have reported such movements. The normal condition of the eye should be interfered with as little as possible. The principle of the method used here is that a small droplet of mercury is placed on the cornea, and the image of a small light formed in the droplet is photographed through a microscope on a moving film. Movements of translation of the droplet in one direction are recorded; to calculate movement of the image over the retina it is necessary that the centre of rotation should be sta-tionary, and this necessitates keeping the head as still as possible. This was done by having the subject lying supine with his head resting on a stone slab let into the wall. A rigid iron frame fitted round the head, and wedges were driven in on one side. Thehead was thus fixed between the wedges and the frame at the sides, and was resting on the stone slab. In addition the teeth were fixed by a dental impression in gutta percha which was clamped to a crossbar of the frame. This arrangement never stopped all movements of the head, but in the best cases there remained only a slight movement with each heart beat. These movements were recorded at the beginning and end of each experiment by photographing a droplet placed on the forehead or on the bridge of the nose; it is possible that these records overestimate the movements, since contraction of the facial musculature could move the droplet.