There Is No Magic Fruit Fly Trap: Multiple Biological Factors Influence the Response of Adult Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) Individuals to MultiLure Traps Baited With BioLure or NuLure
There Is No Magic Fruit Fly Trap: Multiple Biological Factors Influence the Response of Adult Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) Individuals to MultiLure Traps Baited With BioLure or NuLure
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DOI：
10.1603/029.102.0113
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发表时间：
2009-02-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Aluja, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Diaz-Fleischer, Francisco;Arredondo, Jose;Aluja, Martin
进行田间笼箱实验以确定 MultiLure 诱捕器（Better World MFG Inc.，Fresno，CA）用 NuLure（Miller Chemical and Fertilizer Corp.，Hanover，PA）或 BioLure（Suterra LLC，Inc.，Bend，OR）作为诱饵捕获单独标记的墨西哥果蝇 Anastrepha ludens（Loew）和西印度果蝇 Anastrepha obliqua（Macquart）（双翅目： Tephritidae），男女皆宜。实验处理涉及不同年龄（2-4 天和 15-18 天）和饮食史（仅糖、开放水果、开放水果加鸡粪、水解蛋白与糖混合）的野生和实验室饲养的果蝇。数据分为两部分：24 小时内的总捕获量以及陷阱访问/着陆、进入陷阱内部的入口以及 5 小时详细观察期（0600-1100 小时）内的有效捕获量（即淹没在液体诱饵或水中）。对这两种诱饵的反应因苍蝇种类、性别、生理状态、年龄和品系而异。重要的是，这些因素之间存在一些非常重要的相互作用，凸显了应对措施的复杂性。这两种饵料对斜花蠹的吸引力不同，但对鲁登斯的吸引力没有差异。品系（野生果蝇与实验室果蝇）的影响对于黑蝇来说很显着，但对于斜果蝇则不然。由于饮食史的影响，与喂食其他饮食的成年人相比，这两个物种的成年人，无论性别如何，当喂食蛋白质和糖的混合物时，对两种诱饵的反应均显着降低。最后，我们证实了之前的观察结果，表明 MCPhail 型陷阱效率相当低。考虑到笼中总的 24 小时苍蝇停留时间，且与诱饵处理和苍蝇类型（即品系、成虫饮食、性别和年龄）无关，在整个研究（15 个重复）中，总共 2,880 只斜飞蝇和 2,880 只飞蝇成虫被释放到田间笼中（15 个重复），分别只有 564 只（19.6%）和 174 只（6%）个体被有效捕获。仅考虑 5 小时的详细观察期，且不考虑诱饵处理和苍蝇类型，在落在陷阱上的总共 785 只标记苍蝇（分别为 519 只雌性和 266 只雄性）中，只有 10.3%（144 只雌性和 59 只雄性）和 20.8%（25 只雌性和 18 只雄性）斜飞蝇和鲁登飞蝇个体分别被有效捕获。我们讨论了这些发现对于开发新诱饵和设计新陷阱以及解释现场捕获结果的实际意义。
Field-cage experiments were performed to determine the effectiveness of MultiLure traps (Better World MFG Inc., Fresno, CA) baited with NuLure (Miller Chemical and Fertilizer Corp., Hanover, PA) or BioLure (Suterra LLC, Inc., Bend, OR) in capturing individually marked Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), and West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae), of both sexes. Experimental treatments involved wild and laboratory-reared flies of varying ages (2-4 and 15-18 d) and dietary histories (sugar only, open fruit, open fruit plus chicken feces, and hydrolyzed protein mixed with sugar). Data were divided into two parts: total captures over a 24-h period and trap visits/landings, entrances into interior of trap,and effective captures (i.e., drowning in liquid bait or water) over a 5-h detailed observation period (0600-1100 hours). The response to the two baits varied by fly species, gender, physiological state, age, and strain. Importantly, there were several highly significant interactions among these factors, underlining the complex nature of the response. The two baits differed in attractiveness for A. obliqua but not A. ludens. The effect of strain (wild versus laboratory flies) was significant for A. ludens but not A. obliqua. For effect of dietary history, adults of both species, irrespective of sex, were significantly less responsive to both baits when fed on a mixture of protein and sugar when compared with adults fed the other diets. Finally, we confirmed previous observations indicating that MCPhail-type traps are quite inefficient. Considering the total 24-h fly tenure in the cage, and independent of bait treatment and fly type (i.e., strain, adult diet, gender and age), of a total of 2,880 A. obliqua and 2,880 A. ludens adults released into the field cages over the entire study (15 replicates), only 564 (19.6%) and 174 (6%) individuals, respectively, were effectively caught. When only considering the 5-h detailed observation period and independent of bait treatment and fly type, of a total of 785 marked flies that landed on traps (519 females and 266 males, respectively), only 10.3% (144 females and 59 males) and 20.8% (25 females and 18 males) A. obliqua and A. ludens individuals, respectively, ended up being effectively captured. We discuss the practical implications of these findings with respect to developing new baits and designing new traps and to the interpretation of capture results in the field.