Thyroid health status of ammonium perchlorate workers: A cross-sectional occupational health study
Thyroid health status of ammonium perchlorate workers: A cross-sectional occupational health study
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DOI：
10.1097/00043764-199904000-00006
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发表时间：
1999-04-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Howearth, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lamm, SH;Braverman, LE;Howearth, G
由于已知药物暴露于高氯酸盐会抑制甲状腺功能亢进症患者的甲状腺功能，因此对高氯酸盐制造厂的员工进行了一项研究，以评估职业暴露于高氯酸盐是否会抑制甲状腺功能。通过测量环境空气中总的和可吸入的高氯酸盐颗粒浓度来评估高氯酸盐暴露，通过测量尿中高氯酸盐排泄来评估全身吸收。空气中的接触量为每天0.004至167毫克总颗粒高氯酸盐。尿高氯酸盐测量表明，暴露于空气中的颗粒高氯酸盐导致全身吸收。工人被分为四个接触类别，平均吸收高氯酸盐剂量为1，4，11和34毫克高氯酸盐每天。通过测定血清促甲状腺激素、游离甲状腺素指数、甲状腺素、三碘甲状腺原氨酸、甲状腺激素结合率、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体和临床检查评估甲状腺功能。四组工人在剂量结束时的大约三个数量级的接触中，甲状腺功能参数没有差异。因此，人体甲状腺功能不受这些吸收的高氯酸盐水平的影响。此外，在任何接触组中均未发现甲状腺异常的临床证据。所有组的血细胞计数均正常，表明在该暴露范围内无血液毒性证据。没有证据表明，在平均吸收量为34毫克/天的情况下，职业性空气中的高氯酸盐暴露对血细胞的甲状腺功能有影响，这表明无明显不良作用水平（NOAEL）可以帮助评估环境高氯酸盐污染对人类健康的风险。
Since pharmaceutical exposures to perchlorate are known to suppress thyroid function in patients with hyperthyroidism, a study of employees at a perchlorate manufacturing plant was conducted to assess whether occupational exposure to perchlorate suppresses thyroid function. Exposure to perchlorate was assessed by measurement of ambient air concentrations of total and respirable perchlorate particles, and systemic absorption was assessed by measurement of urinary perchlorate excretion. Airborne exposures ranged from 0.004 to 167 mg total particulate perchlorate per day. Urinary perchlorate measurements demonstrated that exposure to the airborne particulate perchlorate resulted in systemic absorption. Workers were grouped into four exposure categories with mean absorbed perchlorate dosages of 1, 4, 11 and 34 mg perchlorate per day. Thyroid function was assessed by measurement of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine index, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, thyroid hormone binding ratio, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, and by clinical examination. No differences in thyroid-function parameters were found between the four groups of workers across approximately three orders of magnitude of exposure end of dose. Thus human thyroid function was not affected by these levels of absorbed perchlorate. In addition, no clinical evidence of thyroid abnormalities was found in any exposure group. The blood-cell counts were normal in all groups, indicating no evidence of hematotoxicity in this exposure range. The absence of evidence of an effect on thyroid function of blood cells from occupational airborne perchlorate exposure at a mean absorption of 34 mg/day demonstrates a no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) that can assist in the evaluation of human health risks from environmental perchlorate contamination.