Conceptual Change: Creativity, Cognition, and Culture
Conceptual Change: Creativity, Cognition, and Culture
复制标题
观念变革：创造力、认知和文化
DOI：
10.1007/978-90-481-3421-2_8
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
N. Nersessian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Nersessian
概念的形成和改变--我在这里称之为“概念创新”--是科学实践中最具创造性的方面之一。在整个科学史上，表征结构的变化提供了对自然的“革命性”理解。与其他创造性成果一样，概念革命仍然被广泛认为是个人天才的神秘行为的结果，例如艾萨克·牛顿、查尔斯·达尔文或阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。本文的目的是消除这一概念，建立如何将这两个毫无疑问的独特贡献的科学家个人和所有的科学创造的固有的社会文化性质的概念创新的分析。实现这一目标的途径在于将科学家所采用的概念实践解释为既来自世俗的人类认知能力的各个方面，也来自它们所嵌入的科学和普通的社会和文化背景。构建这样一种解释所需要的是：（1）人类认知的相关方面的知识;（2）概念创新案例中所涉及的具体实践的知识;（3）社会和文化背景如何提供塑造这些实践的概念、分析和物质资源的理解。
Concept formation and change—what I here call “conceptual innovation”—is one of the most creative dimensions of scientific practice. Throughout the history of the sciences changes in representational structure have provided “revolutionary” understandings of nature. As with other creative outcomes, conceptual revolutions are still widely perceived to be the outcomes of mysterious acts of individual genius, such as represented by an Isaac Newton, a Charles Darwin, or an Albert Einstein. The object of this paper is to dispel this notion by establishing how to incorporate both the undoubtedly unique contributions of individual scientists and the inherently socio-cultural nature of all scientific creations into the analysis of conceptual innovation. The route to meeting this objective lies in interpreting the conceptual practices scientists employ as deriving both from aspects of mundane human cognitive capabilities and from the social and cultural contexts, scientific and ordinary, in which they are embedded. What is required to construct such an interpretation is 1) knowledge of pertinent aspects of human cognition, 2) knowledge of specific practices implicated in cases of conceptual innovation, and 3) an understanding of how social and cultural contexts provide conceptual, analytical, and material resources that shape such practices.