Introduction: Autochthonous human adaptation to biodiversity change in the Anthropocene.
Introduction: Autochthonous human adaptation to biodiversity change in the Anthropocene.
复制标题
简介：人类世本土人类对生物多样性变化的适应。
DOI：
10.1007/s13280-019-01283-x
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Howard PL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howard PL
全球范围内已经发生的生物多样性的快速变化正在加速，给人类福祉带来重大且往往是负面的后果。生物多样性的变化部分是由气候变化驱动的，但它还有许多其他相互作用的驱动因素，这些驱动因素也在推动人类的适应，包括入侵物种、土地利用变化、污染和过度开发。人类正在适应与这些生物多样性驱动因素以及其他力量和压力有关的福祉变化。适应反过来对生物多样性变化和人类福祉都有反馈；然而，迄今为止，这些过程几乎没有受到科学或政策的关注。本期特刊将人类对生物多样性变化的适应作为一个科学政策问题进行介绍。人类对生物多样性变化的适应研究需要新的方法和工具以及概念上的进化，因为社会生态系统和环境变化适应方法在应用于不同的过程和背景时必须重新考虑，在这些过程和背景中，生物多样性变化驱动因素非常重要，人们主要对物种、物种群落和相关生态系统过程的变化作出反应。适应需要改变生物多样性的管理和相关的资源利用制度。这项研究在全球不同的海洋和陆地环境中进行。所有这些研究都考虑了高度依赖生物多样性的人群的适应情况，包括美洲和欧洲的土著人民、亚洲的农民以及欧洲和太平洋的海洋资源使用者。引入本地适应的概念是为了专门解决本地系统对环境变化的适应问题，该概念还认为，本地适应受到多标量影响的制约，并与其他非本地主体和行为体的适应协同或冲突发生，这些非本地主体和行为体促成或限制本地适应选择。
Rapid biodiversity change that is already occurring across the globe is accelerating, with major and often negative consequences for human well-being. Biodiversity change is partly driven by climate change, but it has many other interacting drivers that are also driving human adaptation, including invasive species, land-use change, pollution and overexploitation. Humans are adapting to changes in well-being that are related with these biodiversity drivers and other forces and pressures. Adaptation, in turn, has feedbacks both for biodiversity change and human well-being; however, to date, these processes have received little science or policy attention. This Special Issue introduces human adaptation to biodiversity change as a science-policy issue. Research on human adaptation to biodiversity change requires new methods and tools as well as conceptual evolution, as social–ecological systems and environmental change adaptation approaches must be reconsidered when they are applied to different processes and contexts—where biodiversity change drivers are highly significant, where people are responding principally to changes in species, species communities and related ecosystem processes, and where adaptation entails changes in the management of biodiversity and related resource use regimes. The research was carried out in different marine and terrestrial environments across the globe. All of the studies consider adaptation among highly biodiversity-reliant populations, including Indigenous Peoples in the Americas and Europe, farmers in Asia and marine resource users in Europe and the Pacific. The concept of autochthonous adaptation is introduced to specifically address adaptation to environmental change in local systems, which also considers that local adaptation is conditioned by multi-scalar influences and occurs in synergy or conflict with adaptations of other non-local agents and actors who enable or constrain autochthonous adaptation options.