Feeding Habits and Prey Consumption of Antarctic Minke Whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) in the Southern Ocean
Feeding Habits and Prey Consumption of Antarctic Minke Whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) in the Southern Ocean
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南大洋南极小须鲸 (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) 的摄食习性和猎物消耗
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Konishi
中科院分区：
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作者：
T. Tamura;K. Konishi
南极小须鲸（Balaenoptera bonaerensis）是南大洋中数量最多的须鲸。鲸鱼捕食的定量信息有助于了解它们的摄食生态和在生态系统中的作用。本研究的目的是：1)根据猎物种类、新鲜度和胃内容物的日变化等信息，研究南极小须鲸的摄食习性；2)估计鲸鱼的食用量。对不同性成熟等级的鲸鱼进行了估计，因为预计它们之间的能量需求是不同的。该分析基于JARPA（日本南极特别许可鲸鱼研究计划）在东经35度至西经1450度，南纬600度以南的纵向扇区采集的鲸鱼数据，采样时间为1987/1988年至2004/2005年的南方夏季，主要在12月至3月进行。利用能量需求和能量沉积来估计每个性成熟等级鲸鱼的每日猎物消耗量。鲸鱼主要在5点前进食，这表明它们在一天的早期停止进食。日食用量估计为83.7 ~ 325.5 kg，相当于体重的2.7 ~ 4.0%。采食季幼雄、成熟雄的人均食用量分别为7.5、16.4 t，雌、幼雄的人均食用量分别为12.5、39.1 t。在第四区（东经70°-130°），南极小须鲸1999/2000年和2001/2002年季节对磷虾的总食用量估计分别为90万吨和110万吨。在V区（130°E-170°W，包括罗斯海），2000/2001年和2002/2003年季节的这些估计值分别为390万吨和410万吨。IV区和V区南极小须鲸对磷虾资源的摄食影响分别占磷虾生物量的2.7 ~ 3.2%和18.2 ~ 18.9%。这些结果为南大洋生态系统建模的发展提供了重要的输入数据。
The Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) is the most abundant baleen whale species in the Southern Ocean. Quantitative information on prey consumption of whales is useful to understand their feeding ecology and role in the ecosystem. The purposes of this study are 1) to investigate the feeding habit of Antarctic minke whales based on information on prey species, freshness and diurnal change in stomach contents, and 2) to estimate the amount of prey consumed by whales. Estimates are made for whales of different sexual maturity classes as it is expected that the energy requirements vary among them. The analysis is based on the data from whales taken by JARPA (Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Antarctic) in a longitudinal sector between 35o E and 145o W, and south of 60o S. Sampling was conducted in the austral summer seasons from 1987/1988 to 2004/2005, mainly in the months from December to March. Daily prey consumption by the whales in each sexual maturity class was estimated using energy-requirement and energy deposition. The whales feed mainly before 05:00 h, which suggest that they cease to feed early in the day. Daily prey consumptions were estimated to be 83.7–325.5 kg, equivalent to 2.7–4.0% of body weight. The mean prey consumptions per capita during feeding season were 7.5 and 16.4 t for immature and mature male, 12.5 and 39.1 t for immature and mature female, respectively. In Area IV (70°–130°E), total prey consumptions of krill by Antarctic minke whales in 1999/2000 and 2001/2002 seasons were estimated to be 0.9 and 1.1 million t, respectively. In Area V (130° E–170° W including the Ross Sea), these estimates in 2000/2001 and 2002/2003 seasons were 3.9 and 4.1 million t, respectively. The estimations of feeding impact on krill resources by Antarctic minke whales in Areas IV and V were from 2.7 to 3.2%, and from 18.2 to 18.9% of krill biomasses, respectively. These results on prey consumption are important input data for the development of ecosystem modeling in the Southern Ocean.